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  1. #11
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    Predefinito Profilo biografico del Servo di Dio Mons. J. I. Checa y Barba (in spagnolo)

    José I. Checa y Barba: "Dulce en su trato, suave en sus maneras, prudente en sus determinaciones, atinado en la administración de la arquidiócesis, fue un modelo de prelados, como había sido modelo de sacerdote en los primeros años de su vida religiosa. De este modo adquirió la buena reputación que conservó siempre y que cada día hacía más distinguida y digna". (Camilo Destruge.- Album Biográfico Ecuatoriano, tomo II, p. 307 / Sala Capitular de la Catedral de Quito)

    Ilmo. Dr. José Ignacio Checa y Barba

    Nació en Quito, Agosto 4, 1829. + Marzo 30, 1877. Murió envenenado un Viernes Santo. (Le pusieron el veneno en el cáliz, sospechan quien fue pero no lo dicen)

    Religioso quiteño nacido el 4 de agosto de 1829, hijo del prócer don Feliciano Checa y Barba y de la señora Alegría Barba y Borja.

    Desde muy joven se despertó en él una intensa vocación religiosa, que se vio premiada en el año 1856 cuando fue ordenado Presbítero. Muy pronto viajó a Roma, Italia, donde gracias a sus virtudes y gran talento fue consagrado Arzobispo "In Pártibus" de la Diócesis de Listra, en ceremonia efectuada en la ciudad eterna, el 29 de diciembre de 1861.

    Al año siguiente volvió a Quito donde permaneció hasta 1865 en que fue nombrado Arzobispo de Ibarra, dignidad que ostentó hasta 1868 en que fue preconizado y consagrado Arzobispo de Quito.

    Inició entonces una administración religiosa tranquila y progresista que duró hasta septiembre de 1876, en que luego de los combates de Galte y Los Molinos -que culminaron con el derrocamiento del gobierno constitucional del Dr. Antonio Borrero-, el Gral. Ignacio de Veintemilla asumió el poder en toda la República y adoptó una política de persecución y acoso en contra de la Iglesia Católica, cometiendo contra ella toda clase de excesos y ofendiéndola en su labor educativa y social.

    Surgió entonces su figura gigante, y con valentía insospechada empezó a combatir los abusos del gobierno, hasta que en la mañana del 30 de marzo de 1877, mientras celebraba la misa del Viernes Santo en la catedral de Quito, cayó violentamente fulminado al beber el vino del Cáliz Sagrado, que había sido envenenado con estricnina.

    "No se conocieron jamás los trámites del asesinato, como tampoco a sus autores. El gobierno cometió dos ligerezas: Desplegar una campaña de propaganda en contra de un sacerdote de apellido Andrade, acusándole del crimen; e intervenir en la complicación y embrollamiento del proceso que lo llevaba adelante el Poder Judicial con entereza y honestidad. Nadie sin embargo ha comprobado que Veintemilla fue autor mental, inspirador o cómplice del horripilante suceso. Pero se cree, con demasiados fundamentos, que el hecho nació de la mente y de la arbitrariedad de algunos de sus áuricos" (Luis Robalino Dávila, Orígenes del Ecuador de Hoy, Tomo I, p. 224).

    Hay que anotar sin embargo, que Veintemilla, en el supremo instante de su muerte, sostuvo una vez más que él nada tuvo que ver con dicho crimen.

    Enciclopedia del Ecuador.
    Histórica * Geográfica * Biográfica
    Por: Efrén Avilés Pino.

    FONTE

  2. #12
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    Biography of Gabriel Garcia Moreno

    Gabriel Garcia Moreno "Victim for the Faith and Christian Charity" , Pope Pius IX


    Another light that is found in this tapestry of Our Lady of Good Success is one of a mysterious, mystical luminescence that is wrapped in prophecy. This light transcends time traveling through the centuries until this present age that we live in. This light is meant to illuminate are daily lives so that we have before us a shining example of true courage and honor in order that we too may rise to the occasion of defending the Faith. It is the illumination of another soul glowing with the supernatural light of sanctifying grace. It is the radiance of a shimmering crown of martyrdom.

    On January 16, 1599 Our Lady of Good Success appeared to Mother Mariana saying these words,

    "In the 19th Century, there will be a truly Catholic President, a man of character whom God, Our Lord, will give the palm of martyrdom on the square adjoining this convent. He will consecrate this Republic to the Sacred Heart of my Most Holy Son, and this consecration will sustain the Catholic Religion in the years that will follow, which will be ill-fated ones for the Church."

    Considering the timeliness of this resurgence of the devotion to Our Lady of Good Success, it would be most proper and fitting to look to this man that Our Lady of Good Success speaks of as a model of true leadership and manhood. Our generation can learn much by reflecting on a stalwart man who was once quoted as saying, "one must sacrifice one’s life if God wishes it, for the honor of His Church.1 It can be said, in observing this life, that he truly lived and died by this motto.

    Over 250 years after this apparition, such a man—a giant among men-- appeared on the political stage of Ecuador. This great man was named Gabriel Garcia Moreno. He was born in Guayaquail, Ecuador on Christmas Eve 1821. He died on August 6, 1876, Feast of the Transfiguration of Our Lord. In those 50 years on this earth, he spent his time in pursuit of fine Catholic ideals.

    Garcia Moreno was the youngest of eight children. His father died while he was still young leaving the family impoverished, unable to afford an education for him. However a friend of the family, Father Betancourt, took it upon himself to educate this young man. He excelled in his academics so much so that he left home to go to the university in Quito. He was an accomplished student of philosophy, mathematics, natural sciences and grammar. He studied English and French.

    "He was determined to learn everything and from his strength of will….he succeeded in becoming a great orator, a profound historian, an excellent linguist, a poet and an incomparable statesman" 2

    For a time, Garcia Moreno studied for the priesthood receiving minor orders determined to use his intelligence for the good of the Church. He was told that he did not have a vocation so he became a lawyer which eventually paved the way for his political career.

    Garcia Moreno grew up in a time of anarchy, civil unrest and revolution. It was a time of great upheaval for the enemies of the Church had gained a stronghold in society, politics and even in the Church in Ecuador. Ecuador was in a state of turmoil, various presidents had come into to power that were in league with the enemies of the Church. Much injustice was witnessed by Garcia Moreno such as injustice to the Church, the clergy, the poor. He stood up in defense of the defenseless ones. On all levels of his life, he looked at evil straight in the eye and fought it head on.

    To "unmask the corruption" of the government of that time he wrote and published different periodicals. In one such paper called "El Diablo", he explained his position as such,

    "I am simply a friend of an unfortunate people who have no defenders against the devils who oppress them and I will fight to the death against those who martyrize or betray them." 3

    To those who victimized the Church he wrote a pamphlet called, "Defenso de los Jesuitas" stating:

    "You pretend to exterminate the Jesuits out of love and for the greater glory of the Catholic Church. Falsehood and lies: you only strike at the Jesuits to attack Catholicism. ….Ecuador will hold fast to the faith of our fathers. To defend it the clergy and people will not be deceived or yield to apathy or indifference. We will march to the fight under the guidance of Divine Providence….." 4

    As a result of these and other profoundly heroic actions, the evil dictatorial forces had him arrested and banished to Peru. The people of Quito were indignant against the harsh treatment of their hero, Garcia Moreno. In his absence, he was elected as Senator of Guayaquail. He returned to take his seat in government however he was arrested again "by a flagrant breach of the Constitution" and re-banished.

    It is during this period of banishment that he took up residence in Paris, France. He returned to his studies there. He worked 16 hours a day immersed in learning. His secret desire was to learn all he could for the greater good of his beloved motherland, Ecuador. This period yielded much good fruit for he was able to ascertain the important influence religion had on a society. He studied political life in Paris and the influence of good and evil upon it. It seems as though, seeing first hand the damage done by the French Revolution and Age of Enlightment , Moreno pondered over what needed to be done in Ecuador to stay the hand that desired to crush the Faith that had flourished there. Could it be this experience that drove him to consecrate his beloved country of Ecuador to the Sacred Heart as the King of France had been once ordered to do centuries before but refused?

    At this time in his life he discovered he had become rather tepid in his Catholic Faith (though by today’s standards he would not be considered so). Of course he was a practicing loyal Catholic. He was one of the few public defenders of the Faith. However he felt he had been lax in his sacramental life. His realization of this fact and "conversion" of sorts came about during a conversation he was having amongst his friends and colleagues as he defended the practice of receiving Extreme Unction. One of his debaters must have known him quite well for in the argument that ensued he struck a raw nerve with Garcia Moreno when he asked him when was the last time he himself had gone to confession. Moreno conceded that his friend had in fact won this argument for the day. However filled with remorse and recognizing his personal lack of frequency towards reception of the sacraments, he quickly departed from his friends. That very day he found a church; he meditated on his lack of piety and went to confession renewing his Catholic fervor. He then resumed his practice of daily Mass and rosary until his death.

    Returning to Ecuador he was given most every honor and title the people could imagine to bestow upon him. He was their hero. He was to take up office there as a Senator. Once again a battle arose.

    It is said that his military career was far from brilliant but even that period of his life had a bright spot for finally after years of fighting these armies of radicals, his victory over the oppressors of Ecuador happened on September 24, 1860, the feast day of Our Lady of Ransom. On that day he decreed that, "to thank the Mother of the Divine Liberator, as well as to merit her assistance in the future, the army of the Republic should be placed in future under the special protection of Our Lady of Ransom, and that every year on this great anniversary the Government should officially assist at the services of the Church." 5 (also known as LaVirgen de la Merced which was crowned Ecuador’s National Virgin by Moreno)

    After this victory Garcia Moreno was installed as President of Ecuador interestingly on January 16, 1861 anniversary of our dear Conceptionist sister, Mother Mariana’s death. Moreno drew up and established a new Catholic Constitution to end the corruption that had swept the country. This new Constitution based on Christian principles was what Garcia Moreno believed was the only way to "moralize the country by the energetic repression of crime by the solid education of the young, to protect religion and bring about the reforms which neither the Government nor the laws alone can obtain." 6

    It would take many pages to list all he accomplished with this Constitution in place but suffice it to say that during the time of his Presidency which was actually two inconsecutive terms (1861-65; 1869-75) through his foresight and knowledge, the society and culture of Ecuador improved and flourished under this new Constitution and this truly Catholic President. His personal example of charity towards all classes and races was exemplary. He prayed the Rosary with his workers. He ate with the sick to make certain they had proper nourishment in the hospitals he had founded. He sought out bandits in the mountains, as the Good Shepard looking for his lost sheep, in order to give them a chance at repentance and a start to a good Christian life. He spent all of his Presidential salary in acts of good works for the people of Ecuador and the Church. Garcia Moreno believed that the conversion and success of Ecuador as a nation lay in the sound education of youth. As a result, good Catholic elementary schools were founded for not just the upper classes but for the indigenous people and women of all classes. Schools for learning trades were put into place. Thousands of children were educated in these programs. To undertake this task, Moreno appealed to France for religious to come to Ecuador to teach. Not only the Jesuits but the Sisters of Charity, the Christian Brothers and the Nuns of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary answered his call. Some of these same religious groups were asked to serve in the hospitals he established. Prisons were improved with the installation of good Catholic honest men to run these facilities and spiritually rehabilitate the unfortunate ones condemned to a life of imprisonment.

    On the level of the practical, Garcia Moreno began projects to improve transportation by cutting a system of roads throughout Ecuador and laying out a design by which a railway would interconnect Quito to the coastal city of Guayaquail. His plans were a success despite the fact that it took many years to accomplish.

    However there were two most treasured and important accomplishments that made Garcia Moreno extremely proud. One was the Concordant with Rome which demonstrated his country’s allegiance and undying loyalty to the Roman Pontiff. This was a courageous act for a small nation such as Ecuador. At this time Pope Pius IX was a prisoner in the Vatican since the Papal States had been overrun by a tyrant. As the rest of the world watched silently, Garcia Moreno pledged tithes from the Ecuadorian government to assist the Pope in his financial difficulty - An extreme example of Christian Charity.

    The second accomplishment was the Public Consecration of Ecuador to the Sacred Heart of Jesus. This public consecration was suggested by a priest friend of his Fr. Manuel Proano. Garcia Moreno wrote in a letter to this priest that he would agree to do this. Interestingly enough he hesitates on this public act of consecration as he foresees that this act of consecration will be the death of him. He gains courage however and he writes that if this is what God is asking of him that he would gladly sacrifice his life as Our Lord did for the good of his beloved Ecuador.

    So it was on March 23, 1873, with as much pomp and circumstance President Moreno and the Church in Ecuador could muster, the solemn ceremony was held at the Cathedral. The Archbishop recited the consecration prayer as the people repeated it phrase by phrase. Then Garcia Moreno, as the Republic’s representative, recited this prayer for of all of the people of Ecuador who could not be present at this occasion.

    Consecration of Ecuador to the Sacred Heart
    Written by Father Manuel Proano
    March, 1873

    Lord, this is Thy beloved Country.
    Always, my Jesus, we will recognize Thee as our God.
    May we never turn our eyes from this star of Love and Mercy
    That glows in the midst of Thy breast
    Which is the sanctuary of Thy Divinity and the tabernacle of Thy Heart.

    Watch over us, My God, for powerful people and nations
    Pierce Thy sweet merciful breast with the sharpest of thorns.
    Our enemies insult our Faith; they ridicule us for the hope we have Placed in Thee.

    Nevertheless, this is thy beloved Country, thy Leader, thy Lawmakers, thy Clergy,
    Console thy priests; wipe away the tears of the Church;
    Confound the impious and apostates of this world,
    That they become lost in Thy Ocean of Love and Charity
    So they may discover Thy gentle Heart.

    Because you are our God, may Thy Heart be the beacon of light of our Faith,
    A safe anchor of our hope, the emblem of our flag,
    The impenetrable shield of our weakness, the dawn of our serene peace,
    The intimate law of our holy agreement, the cloud that illuminates our horizons,
    The inspiration of our wealth that results in prosperity and abundance,
    So that we may raise churches and altars where Thy holy and magnificent Glory,
    Will shine, with infinite and peaceful splendor.

    And because we have consecrated and abandoned ourselves
    Without reserve to Thy Divine Heart,
    Multiply without end the years of our religious peace;
    Banish impiety, corruption, misfortune and misery to the borders of our Mother country.
    May thy [Catholic] Faith dictate our laws; May Thy justice govern our courts;
    Maintain and direct our leaders with Thy mercy and strength;
    Perfect our Priests with Thy wisdom, sanctity and fervor;
    Convert all of the children of Ecuador with Thy Grace;
    Crown them with Thy Glory in Eternity:
    So that the whole world, when contemplating,
    With holy envy, our true happiness and good fortune,
    People and nations, as well, will take refuge and sleep soundly
    In the calm of Peace in Thy loving Heart, which Thou dost offer to the world,
    -That pure Fountain and perfect Symbol of Love and Charity. Amen" 7

    It is said that after the blessing of the Archbishop, the trumpets blared and the rifles roared, the church bells rang out it unison throughout the land, overhead across the mountains and the plains the eagles soared. This was truly a glorious day for Ecuador. A triumph for God and the Church for this was the first time in History that a Republic had been consecrated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus – a step toward the true reign of Christ the King in the world.

    The enemies of the Church were certainly the enemies of Garcia Moreno. For years, these cruel conspirators and friends of the Devil plotted the demise of Ecuador’s finest President. This act of consecration had them seeing red. From their secret meeting places all around the world, the order was given that Garcia Moreno must be annihilated. Many times Garcia Moreno was warned by friends and foes alike. It did not matter to him. He accepted his fate as the will of God.

    On writing to Pope Pius IX of his reelection in July of 1875, he informed the Pope that he was well aware that the enemies of the Church were endeavoring in secret to murder him.

    He wrote,
    "…I have more than ever need of divine assistance, so as to live and die for the defense of our holy Religion and of this dear Republic, which God calls me again to govern. What greater happiness could befall me, Very Holy Father, than to see myself hated and calumniated for love of our Divine Redeemer? But what greater privilege still, if your blessing were to obtain for me the grace of shedding my blood for Him, who, being God, desired to shed His on the Cross for us." 8

    Then on August 6, 1875, the inevitable happened. Garcia Moreno went to Mass as he always did. It was a First Friday so he spent some extra time before Our Lord in the Blessed Tabernacle. Moreno who strove to imitate Our Lord in so many ways in his life was to imitate him in death also. For those who plotted his death were those who knew him well – his friends - some whom had been "recipients of favors". These "Judases" grew impatient outside the Cathedral. Finally around 2pm Moreno left the Church. Almost immediately he was attacked by these murderers. He was shot six times and struck fourteen times with a machete – one hand had been completely cut off with the other arm badly severed and one fatal blow to the brain. It is said that he had 7-8 mortal wounds. These evil conspirators accomplish their wicked design shouting "Die, destroyer of Liberty!" Garcia Moreno replied "God does not die!" These were his last words. He was rushed into the Cathedral where he was given Extreme Unction. The priest asked him if he forgave his killers. Despite the fact he could no longer speak, he indicated with his eyes that he had already done so. There at the foot of Our Lady of Sorrows he expired.

    A look at what he carried with him on his person, that day (and every day) gives a rather keen insight into this soul of such a man. On his breast was found a relic of the True Cross, the Scapular of the Passion, and that of the Sacred Heart and round his neck he wore his Rosary. In his pocket was found a little memorandum in pencil, written that very day.

    ‘My Savior Jesus Christ, give me greater love for Thee, and profound humility, and teach me what I should do this day for Thy greater glory and services’. 9

    Also found in one of his pockets was a copy of "The Imitation of Christ" which was his constant companion. Inside this book, on one of the blank sheets, Garcia Moreno had written his own personal rule that he read and followed every day.

    It reads as follows:

    "Every morning when saying my prayers I will ask specially for humility. Every day I will hear Mass, say the Rosary and will read, besides a chapter of the Imitation, this Rule and the instructions which are added to it. I will endeavor to keep myself as much as possible in the presence of God, especially during conversation that I may not exceed in words. I will often offer my heart to God, principally before beginning any actions. Every hour I will say to myself: ‘I am worse that a demon and hell ought to be my dwelling place.’ In temptations I will add: ‘What should I think of all this in my last agony?’ In my room never to pray sitting when I can do so on my knees or standing. Practice daily little acts of humility, as kissing the ground; to rejoice when I or my actions, are censured. Never to speak of myself except to avow my faults or defects. To make efforts, by thinking of Jesus and Mary, to restrain my impatience and go against my natural inclinations; to be kind to all, even with the importunate, and never to speak ill of my enemies. Every morning, before beginning my work, I will write down what I have to do, being very careful to distribute my time well, to give myself only to useful and necessary business, and to continue it with zeal and perseverance. I will scrupulously observe the law of justice and truth, and have no intentions in all my actions save the greater glory of God… I will go to confession every week… I will never pass more than an hour in any amusement, and in general never before eight o’clock in the evening." 10

    The President lay in state for three days. All of Quito came to see him weeping and lamenting, "We have lost our father. He has shed his blood for us!"

    It would be good to remember what Ecuador thought of him on that day of his funeral. These very emotion filled words cut to the very heart of the people for they knew what they were to suffer in their great loss.

    Father Vincent Cuenta addressed this "dead hero" in this way:

    "Your eyes do not see our tears; your ears cannot hear the lamentations of your people. Your noble heart no longer beats in your breast; but your soul understands us. Ah, from that happy region to which your heroic virtue has brought you, look down in pity on your children. Do not abandon your country to anarchy and ruin. Ask God to raise up a man worthy to succeed you, one who will carry on your great work, and will know how to say with you 'Aveniat regnum tuum' ".11

    This great man dearly desired the virtue of humility more than any other virtue. Throughout his life he implored Heaven to grant him this request. He was a genius…a man of progress…of scientific learning. Did this Hercules of Faith and Knowledge achieve this end? Proof of this triumph in virtue follows. Truly there was no better testimony to his sincere humility.

    (This is a short excerpt of the speech of Garcia Moreno that was found on his corpse stained with his own blood. It was read to Congress shortly after his funeral. It was what today is called "The State of the Union Address" in the USA)

    After describing the state of the Republic and the progress that had been made….he stated:

    "If I have committed faults I beg your pardon a thousand and a thousand times, and this forgiveness I beg of all my countrymen with very sincere tears, begging them to believe that my desire has ever been for their good.. If on the contrary, you think I have succeeded in anything, attribute it in the first instance to Almighty God, and to the Immaculate Dispensatrice of the treasure of His Mercy, and then to yourselves, to the people, the army and to all those who in the various branches of government have helped me with so much intelligence and fidelity to fulfill my difficult duties." 12

    As the saying goes, "Those who fail to learn the lessons of history are doomed to repeat them." 13

    Let us learn from this lesson of history. We are not living in such different times as Garcia Moreno. We are not experiencing such different problems as he and Ecuador faced over one hundred years before…. His enemies are our enemies. If we do not take action we will be doomed.

    Let us turn to our dear Catholic friend in heaven and have recourse to him in all of our trials. It is not so difficult to imagine that just as the devotion to Our Lady of Good Success is witnessing a revival, so too is this heroic life of Gabriel Garcia Moreno meant to be brought to light to guide us in these troubled times now and in the future….

    Finally, let us join in prayer with one voice to Our Lady of Lourdes in honor of the 150th anniversary of the proclamation of the Immaculate Conception that she may aid in the canonization of this model Catholic man "so that powerful men arise in works and words for the cause of the same Faith and of our beloved country."

    References:

    1. Gabriel Garcia Moreno Regenerator of Ecuador by Hon. Mrs. Maxwell Scott pg 61.
    2. Ibid pg 8
    3. Ibid pg 14
    4. Ibid pg 16
    5. Ibid pg 40
    6. Ibid pg 43
    7. Biografia de Gabriel Garcia Moreno by Alfredo Saenz S. J. pg 205 - 207
    8. Gabriel Garcia Moreno Regenerator of Ecuador by Hon. Mrs. Maxwell Scott pg 156 -157
    9. Ibid pg 163
    10. Ibid pg 138
    11. Ibid pg 164
    12. Ibid pg 166 -167
    13. George Santayana

    FONTE

  3. #13
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    Speech on Gabriel Garcia Moreno on the 100th Anniversary of His Death

    August 6, 1875 – August 6, 1975


    It happened 100 years ago….

    In 1932, the historian, Don Alfonso Rumazo Gonzalez, wrote in his work "Governments of Ecuador", on Gabriel Garcia Moreno’s death saying: "…the death of Garcia Moreno gave a blow of death to Ecuador and cut the vital sap of the progress and true liberty that ran abundantly through the Nation". He finished his study with this phrase: "Garcia Moreno was the only man – a genius – that gave the Republic of Ecuador life".

    This 6th day of August marks the 100th anniversary of this terrible event. In 1875, the date was a day of tragedy, of anguish, of mourning for the Republic that had lost her great constructor. Presently, in 1975, this day is a day of exaltation, for this extraordinary figure, that the North American historian Richard Pattee states– "occupies a transcendental place in the history of the country [Ecuador]".

    The personality of Garcia Moreno has been the object of debate on hundreds of occasions by historians, investigators, and critics of diverse nationalities; some, Europeans and others, Americans. It is important to note that the proportion of foreign historians compared to Ecuadorians that have studied Garcia Moreno is enormous.

    Up until the present day, this superior man, of vigorous personality, has been the object of controversy. In the past 100 years, in spite of the evident truth, there are those that reappear and violently combat him, denying the obvious with blindness. There are also those who elevate him to supernatural heights.

    For the dignity of our country and our history, we ought to advise all of the Ecuadorians to find for Garcia Moreno the true seat of honor, which ought to be his.

    He was a man of science, of study, more than a lawyer he was a mathematician, chemist, naturalist, University teacher, whose intellectual quality raised him to the rector of the University of Quito.

    It is difficult to summarize the works of Garcia Moreno. The material was immense; his labor in the moral, the political, the economic, the fiscal, the legislative fields was very extensive… and what can be said about his work in the education and the culture of this country?

    Garcia Moreno is immortalized with the highway between Quito and Guayaquil that bears his name and still serves us until the present day. He is remembered with the initiation of the railway train, with the National Polytechnic School, with the Astronomical Observatory in Quito, with the National Penitentiary, the School of Art "Bello Artes". The name of Garcia Moreno will be commemorated for the extraordinary expansion of the primary schools and work towards women’s education, founding of grammar schools and high schools more than any other leader of the Country in the past century. We thank him for the reform of Universities, the progress of Medicine, and founding of the school for the sick and the organization of the system of Hospitals. To him, we owe the organization in an orderly manner the system of taxation and budget, the first laws of Banking and the first Bank of Ecuador.

    Garcia Moreno imposed the liberty of suffrage and representation proportionate to the Provinces on the Congress, eliminating the antiquated and unethical departmental representation. Under Garcia Moreno, Ecuador marched ahead of the rest of the American Republics.

    On Friday, August 6,1875, at two in the afternoon, a group of conspirators, armed with machetes and revolvers, met Garcia Moreno on the steps of the Presidential Palace. The principal assassin, with ferocity without limits, gave the fatal blow to this great magistrate, who could not defend himself against the violence of the attack. He fell lifeless from the railing of the Palace to the street. In this state of agony, he was carried to the interior of the Cathedral and was placed at the foot of the altar of Our Lady of Sorrows and expired.

    Biologically, they cut out his life on this day- 100 years ago – nevertheless his personality has surpassed time. Today and always the country honors and admires him.

    Dr. Francisco Salazar Alvarado – promoter of the cause for canonization of Gabriel Garcia Moreno.

    FONTE

  4. #14
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    Novena Prayer for the Canonization of Gabriel Garcia Moreno Catholic President of Ecuador

    Gabriel Garcia Moreno
    (December 24th, 1821 - August 6th, 1875)

    "Brilliant Statesman, Loyal Son of the Church and Martyr of the Faith" (Pope Pius XII)


    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

    Oh Holy Virgin of Lourdes, remember that thy servant Garcia Moreno promised to defend thy Immaculate Conception. Remember that he belonged to thy sweet Archconfraternity, and that he fervently prayed thy Holy Rosary. Pope Pius IX, who officially proclaimed thy exemption from original sin, declared that Garcia Moreno "died a victim of the Faith and Christian Charity for his beloved country".

    Oh Holy Virgin, obtain for us the canonization of this exemplary ruler so that powerful men arise in works and words for the cause of the same Faith and of our beloved country. Finally, please grant this special intention (make request), if it is for the good of my soul. Amen

    With Ecclesiastical Approval (300 days Indulgence)
    C.M. Cardinal de la Torre, Archbishop of Quito
    January 21, 1958

    FONTE

  5. #15
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    Is Gabriel Garcia Moreno a Martyr?

    Questions about the Martyrdom of Garcia Moreno answered by the Archbishop of Quito: Cardinal de la Torre, printed January 21, 1958.


    What are the conditions that the Church demands to give a title of Martyr to a Christian hero?

    The conditions canonical are:

    The victim accepted the real and voluntary death unless God did not prevent it miraculously.

    The tyrant or perpetrator of the death he had caused was unjustifiable.

    That the cause or motive of sacrifice of the victim is the hatred of God, of the Church, of the Catholic religion, of some Christian virtue, or the rights and prerogatives of the church.

    Did the Church verify all of these conditions in the death of Garcia Moreno, the great President of Ecuador?

    Garcia Moreno knew very well that they [the enemies of the Church] tried to victimize him and he was preparing for his sacrifice…. (Quote of Garcia Moreno)" The enemies of God and the Church can kill me: but God does not die. I am going to be assassinated: I am going to be happy to die for the Holy Faith".

    Who Killed Garcia Moreno?

    There is no doubt that the lodges (Masonic) and the rest of the enemies of the church are at fault.

    Why did they assassinate him?

    They assassinated him because, in him, they saw the model of the Catholic Government.

    How did they judge him, Pius IX, Leo XIII, the death of Garcia Moreno?

    Pius IX said, "Garcia Moreno has fallen under the steel (knife) of the assassin, victim of his faith and his Christian Charity. Leo XIII said, "He fell below the steel of the impious for the church.

    You want to say that Garcia Moreno did not have a fault or defect of something?

    No. Even the great Saints have their faults and for this thy make penitence.

    How can the martyrs wash away all of their sins?

    By the Shedding their blood for the love of God, they are perfectly purified, immediately rising to Paradise.

    Are there many that agree with Garcia Moreno and give reverence to him?

    All of the Catholic people, the best of Ecuador and all of the Catholic people outside of Ecuador that hold the true faith give reverence to Garcia Moreno.

    Can you implore the divine favor and ask miracles for the intercession of Garcia Moreno, making devout use of his image or his relics?

    Yes, but only in private, and in the case to obtain favors; agree to inform with great detail to your authority or spiritual advisor of the Church, for finest results. This way you give to God glorification to his servants.

    P. Ricardo Vázquez S.J.

    For eighty years since his triumph (in martyrdom), the Pontificates since Pope Pius IX to Pope Pius XII have harmoniously agreed on the ruling of his death for his faith. The most eminent and knowledgeable historians, Cardinals, Bishops, and the hierarchy of the Church desired for the cause of Sainthood to be introduced. -- Sainthood for a Catholic Ruler who wiped out anarchy, misery and skepticism in Ecuador.

    Oh Sacred Heart of Jesus glorify the one who glorifies you.
    We give thanks for Your Intercession.


    FONTE

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    Ma siete sicuri che questo rispettabilissimo presidente ecuadoregno e martire cristiano sia "Servo di Dio", cioè che sia già iniziata ufficialmente la sua causa di canonizzazione???

    Infatti il sito http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92097 lo annovera tra i "testimoni" della fede e sull'autorevole sito http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/1875.htm Gabriel Garcia Moreno non figura tra i Servi di Dio deceduti nel 1875...

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    Citazione Originariamente Scritto da arduinus
    Ma siete sicuri che questo rispettabilissimo presidente ecuadoregno e martire cristiano sia "Servo di Dio", cioè che sia già iniziata ufficialmente la sua causa di canonizzazione???

    Infatti il sito http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92097 lo annovera tra i "testimoni" della fede e sull'autorevole sito http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/1875.htm Gabriel Garcia Moreno non figura tra i Servi di Dio deceduti nel 1875...
    Effettivamente il dubbio sussiste. In ogni caso, depongono nel senso che sia servo di Dio il fatto che il Cardinale arcivescovo di Quito, nel 1958, abbia dato l'imprimatur e l'indulgenza (300 giorni) alla preghiera per la canonizzazione del Presidente ecuadoregno, che ho riportato sopra nel testo inglese. Il che avalla questa convinzione, poiché se non si è neppure servi di Dio non ha senso pregare per la beatificazione, nè del resto viene concessa alcuna autorizzazione.
    Quanto alle fonti citate, il sito Santi e Beati, sebbene ecomiabile (io stesso vi ho scritto qualche volta), non può far testo, tanto più perché accomuna nella testimonianza (cristiana, evidentemente) personaggi, alcuni dei quali tutto sono fuorché testimoni, tipo il massone Gandhi o il catto-comunista Camara, tanto per fare dei nomi. Quanto al secondo sito, esso è senz'altro più autorevole. Bisognerebbe piuttosto chiedere informazioni ai curatori di questo per avere dei ragguagli o affinché svolgano ricerche sul punto che fugano i dubbi esistenti.

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    Citazione Originariamente Scritto da Augustinus Visualizza Messaggio
    Effettivamente il dubbio sussiste. In ogni caso, depongono nel senso che sia servo di Dio il fatto che il Cardinale arcivescovo di Quito, nel 1958, abbia dato l'imprimatur e l'indulgenza (300 giorni) alla preghiera per la canonizzazione del Presidente ecuadoregno, che ho riportato sopra nel testo inglese. Il che avalla questa convinzione, poiché se non si è neppure servi di Dio non ha senso pregare per la beatificazione, nè del resto viene concessa alcuna autorizzazione.
    Quanto alle fonti citate, il sito Santi e Beati, sebbene ecomiabile (io stesso vi ho scritto qualche volta), non può far testo, tanto più perché accomuna nella testimonianza (cristiana, evidentemente) personaggi, alcuni dei quali tutto sono fuorché testimoni, tipo il massone Gandhi o il catto-comunista Camara, tanto per fare dei nomi. Quanto al secondo sito, esso è senz'altro più autorevole. Bisognerebbe piuttosto chiedere informazioni ai curatori di questo per avere dei ragguagli o affinché svolgano ricerche sul punto che fugano i dubbi esistenti.
    Riprendiamo il discorso!!!
    La frase che ho sottolineato non corrisponde alla realtà... Ho già trovato vari santini di personaggi dei quali non è in corso, almeno per ora, la causa di canonizzazione... Sul retro sono riportate preghiere per richiedere grazie e la glorizicazione terrena dei personaggi in questione, con tanto di imprimatur... Eppure ripeto di essi mai è stata aperta la causa... Ci tengo a precisare che santini simili ve ne sono anche di preconciliari...
    Per non parlare poi del Bollettino Salesiano che almeno una volta ha pubblicato nella rubrica "I nostri santi" una grazia ricevuta per intercessione di Ninni Di Leo ( vadi http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92261)

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    In rilievo

    Aug.

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    Gabriel García Moreno

    Ecuadorean patriot and statesman; b. at Guayaquil, 24 December, 1821; assassinated at Quito, 6 August, 1875. His father, Gabriel García Gomez, a native of Villaverde, in Old Castile, had been engaged in commerce at Callao before removing to Guayaquil, where he married Dona Mercedes Moreno, the mother of the future Ecuadorean martyr president. Gabriel García Gomez died while his son was still young, and the boy's education was left to the care of his mother, who appears to have been a woman of unusual ability for her task; she was, moreover, fortunate in securing as her son's tutor Fray José Betancourt, the famous Mercedarian, under whose tuition young García Moreno made rapid progress. A great part of his father's fortune having been lost, it was not without some considerable sacrifices that the youth was able to attend the university course at Quito. These material obstacles once overcome, he passed brilliantly through the schools, distancing all his contemporaries, and on 26 October, 1844, received his degree in the faculty of law (Doctor en Jurisprudencia) from the University of Quito.

    In less than a year after his graduation young García Moreno had begun to take an active part in Ecuadorean politics, joining in the revolutionary movement which eventually replaced the Flores administration by that of Roca (1846). He soon distinguished himself as a political satirist by contributions to "El Zurriago", but what more truly presaged the achievements of his riper life was his good and useful work as a member of the municipal council of Quito. At the same time he was studying legal practice, and on 30 March, 1848, was admitted advocate. Immediately after this the deposed Flores, supported by the Spanish government, made an attempt to regain the presidency of Ecuador; García Moreno unhesitatingly came forward in support of the Roca administration, and when that administration fell, in 1849, he entered upon his first period of exile. After some months spent in Europe he returned to his native republic in the employ of a mercantile concern, and it was then that he took the first decisive step which marked him conspicuously for the enmity of the anti-Catholics, or, as they preferred to call themselves, the Liberals. At Panama he had fallen in with a party of Jesuits who had been expelled from the Republic of New Granada and wished to find asylum in Ecuador. García Moreno constituted himself the protector of these religious, and they sailed with him for Guayaquil; but on the same vessel that carried the Jesuits and their champion, an envoy from New Granada also took passage for the express purpose of bringing diplomatic influence to bear with the dictator, Diego Noboa, to secure their exclusion from Ecuadorean territory. No sooner had the vessel entered the harbour of Guayaquil than García Moreno, slipping into a shore boat, succeeded in landing some time before the New Granadan envoy; the necessary permission was acquired from the Ecuadorean government, and the Jesuits obtained a foothold in that country. How soon the report of this exploit spread among the anti-Catholics of South America was evidenced by the fact that within a year Jacobo Sánchez, a New Granadan, had attacked García Moreno in the pamphlet "Don Felix Frias en Paris y los Jesuitas en el Ecuador", to which García Moreno's reply was an able "Defensa de los Jesuitas".

    In 1853 he began to publish "La Nación", a periodical which, according to its prospectus, was intended to combat the then existing tendency of the government to exploit the masses for the material benefit of those who happened to be in power. At the same time García Moreno's programme aimed distinctly and professedly to defend the religion of the people. He was already known as a friend of the Jesuits; he now assumed the role of friend of the common people, to which he adhered sincerely and consistently to the day of his death. The Urbina faction, then in power, were quick to recognize the importance of "La Nación", which was suppressed before the appearance of its third number, and its proprietor was exiled, for the second time. Having been, meanwhile, elected senator by his native province of Guayaquil, he was prevented from taking his seat, on the ground that he had returned to Quito without a passport. After a sojourn at Paita, García Moreno once more visited Europe. He was now thirty-three years of age, and his experience of political life in Ecuador had deeply convinced him of his people's need of enlightenment. It was undoubtedly with this conviction as his guide and incentive that he spent a year or more in Paris, foregoing every form of pleasure, a severe, indefatigable student not only of political science, but also of the higher mathematics, of chemistry, and of the French public school system. On his return home, under a general amnesty in 1850, he became rector of the central University of Quito; a position of which he availed himself to commence lectures of his own in physical science. Next year he was active in the senate in opposition to the Masonic party, which had gained control of the government, while at the same time he persistently and forcibly, though unsuccessfully, struggled for the passage of a law establishing a system of public education modelled on that of France. In 1858 he once more established a paper, "La Union Naciónal", which became obnoxious to the government by its fearless exposure of corruption and its opposition to the arbitrary employment of authority; and once more a political crisis ensued.

    García Moreno was on principle an advocate of orderly processes of government, and that his professions in this regard were sincere his subsequent career fairly demonstrated, but at this juncture he was obliged to realize that his country was in the grip of a corrupt oligarchy, bent upon the suppression of the Church to which the whole mass of his fellow countrymen were devoted, and disposed to keep the masses in ignorance so as to sway them the more easily to its own ends. He had, years before, attacked "the revolutionary industry", a phrase probably first used by him, in the prospectus of "La Nación"; it now became necessary for him to descend to revolutionary methods. Besides, the little Republic of Ecuador was at this time menaced by its more powerful neighbour on the south, Peru. García Moreno, if he was sure of opposition at the hands of the soi-disant Liberals, was also, by this time, recognized by the masses as a leader loyal to both their common Faith and their common country, and thus he was able to organize the revolution which made him head of a provisional government established at Quito. The republic was now divided, General Franco being at the head of a rival government established at Guayaquil. In vain did García Moreno offer to share his authority with his rival for the sake of national unity. As a defensive measure against the threat of Peruvian invasion, García Moreno entered into negotiations with the French envoy with a view to securing the protection of France, a political mistake of which his enemies knew how to avail themselves to the utmost. He was now obliged to assume the character of a military leader, for which he possessed at least the qualifications of personal courage and decisive quickness of resolution. While García Moreno inflicted one defeat after another upon the partisans of Franco, the latter, as representing Ecuador, had concluded with Peru the treaty of Mapasingue. The people of Ecuador rose in indignation at the concessions made in this treaty, and Franco, even his own followers being alienated, was defeated at Babahoya (7 August, 1860) and again at Salado River, where he was driven to take refuge on a Peruvian vessel. When his adversary had been forcibly driven from the country, García Moreno showed his magnanimity in the proclamation in which he sought to heal as quickly as possible the scars of this civil war: "The republic should regard itself as one family; the old demarcations of districts must be so obliterated as to render sectional ambitions impossible". In the reorganization of the Constituent Assembly, which was summoned to meet in January, 1861, he insisted that the suffrage should not be territorial, but "direct and universal, under the necessary guarantees of intelligence and morality, and the number of representatives should correspond (proportionally) to that of the electors represented". The Convention, which met on 10 January, elected García Moreno president; he delivered his inaugural address on the 2d of April following. Then began that series of reforms among which were the restitution of the rights of the Church and a radical reconstruction of the fiscal system. In the immediate present he had to deal with the machinations of his old adversary Urbina, who, from his retirement in Peru, kept up incessant intrigues with the opposition at home, and still more with the governments of neighbouring republics. García Moreno soon came to a sensible and honourable understanding with the Peruvian government.

    A violation of Ecuadorean territory by New Granada, though it led to a hostile collision in which García Moreno himself took part, had no serious consequences until the Arboledo administration gave place to that of General Mosquera, whose ambition it was to make New Granada the nucleus of a great "Colombian Confederation", in which Ecuador was to be included. Urbina was not above writing encouraging letters to the New Granadan or Colombian dictator who was scheming against the independence of Ecuador. An invitation to García Moreno to confer with Mosquera elicited a very plain intimation that, so far as the national obliteration of Ecuador was concerned, there was nothing to confer about. But in the meantime the Republic of Ecuador had ratified a concordat with Pope Pius IX (1862), and the discontent of the Regalista party at home with the provisions of that instrument gave Mosquera an excellent pretext for encroaching upon his neighbour's rights. The Regalistas were, without knowing it, a kind of Erastians, who claimed the appointment to ecclesiastical benefices as an inalienable right of the civil power. The President of Ecuador was charged with "casting Colombia, manacled, at the feet of Rome"; Urbina issued "manifestos" from Peru in the sense of "South America for the South Americans"; while the proclamation of President Mosquera recited, with others which seem to have been introduced merely for the sake of appearances, his three really significant grounds of complaint against García Moreno: that the latter had ratified the concordat; that he maintained a representative of the Holy See at Quito; that he had brought Jesuits into Ecuador. It may be remarked here, in passing, that if Mosquera had added to this catalogue of offences those of insisting upon free primary education for the masses, upon strict auditing of the public accounts, and a considerable bona fide outlay upon roads and other public utilities, his proclamation might have served adequately as the indictment upon which García Moreno was condemned and eventually put to death by those whom Pius IX ironically called "the valiant sectaries".

    Mosquera was determined to have war, and all the efforts of the Ecuadorean government were of no avail to prevent it. At the battle of Cuaspud all but two battalions of the forces of Ecuador fled ignominiously. It is a matter for wonder, considering the grounds upon which he had declared war, that Mosquera, in the Peace of Pinsaquí, which followed this victory, should have left the Concordat of 1862, the delegate Apostolic, and the Jesuits just as they were. In March,1863, García Moreno tendered his resignation to the National Assembly, who insisted upon his remaining in office until the expiration of his term. Nevertheless he had to face, during the next two years, repeated seditions and filibustering raids. After sparing the lives of the leaders in one of these movements, though they had by all law and custom incurred the penalty of death, he was severely criticized for ordering the execution of another such when it had become evident that an example was necessary for the peace of the republic. In a naval battle at Jambelí (27 June, 1865) at which García Moreno was personally present, the defeat of the Urbina forces was complete, and tranquillity reigned until the presidential term expired on the 27th of the following August.

    In the following year began what may be considered as a connected series of attempts which terminated, nine years later, in the assassination of García Moreno. The dispute between Spain and Peru over the Chinchas Islands had led to a war in which, following García Moreno's advice, his successor Jeronimo Carrión had cast in the lot of Ecuador with that of the sister republic and its then ally, Chile. The ex-president was sent as minister plenipotentiary to Chile, with a commission to transact business with President Prado of Peru on his way. On his arrival at Lima an attempt was made to assassinate him, but it ended in the death of his assailant. His diplomatic mission resulted excellently for the friendly relations between Ecuador and its neighbours; the sojourn at Santiago also inspired García Moreno with a high admiration for Chile, and he even made up his mind to attempt a change of the Ecuadorean constitution so as to make it more like that of Chile, a project which he carried into effect in the National Convention of 1869. On his return to Ecuador he found himself a second time in the uncongenial position of leader of a revolution. To anticipate a plot which the Liberals, led by one of Urbina's relations, were known to be forming, the conservatives of Ecuador had risen, declared Carrión deposed, and made García Moreno head of the provisional government. The justice of the grounds on which this extreme action was taken was established by the attempt of Veintemilla, at Guayaquil, only two months later, in March, 1869.

    Having been duly confirmed as president ad interim by the National Convention of May, 1869, García Moreno resumed his work for the enlightenment, as well as the religious well-being, of his people. It was in these last years of his life that he did so much for the teaching of physical sciences in the university by introducing there the German Fathers of the Society of Jesus. The medical schools and hospitals of the capital benefited vastly by his intelligent and zealous efforts. In September, 1870, the troops of Victor Emmanuel occupied Rome; and on 18 January, 1871, García Moreno, alone of all the rulers of the world, addressed a protest to the King of Italy on the spoliation of the Holy See. The pope marked his appreciation of this outburst of loyalty by conferring on the President of Ecuador the decoration of the First Class of the Order of Pius IX, with a Brief of commendation dated, 27 March, 1871. It was, on the other hand, notorious that certain lodges had formally decreed the death of García Moreno, who, in a letter to the pope, used about this time the following almost prophetic words: "What riches for me, Most Holy Father, to be hated and calumniated for my love for our Divine Redeemer! What happiness if your benediction should obtain for me from Heaven the grace of shedding my blood for Him, who being God, was willing to shed His blood for us upon the Cross!" The object of numberless plots against his life, García Moreno pursued his way with unruffled confidence in the future -- his own and his country's. "The enemies of God and the Church can kill me", he once said, "but God does not die" (Dios no muere).

    He had been re-elected president, and would soon have entered upon another term of office, when, towards the end of July, 1875, the police of Quito were apprised that a party of assassins had begun to dog García Moreno's footsteps. When, however, the chief of police warned the intended victim, the latter so discouraged all attempts to hedge him about with precautions, as to almost excuse the carelessness of his official guardians. It came out in evidence that within the fortnight preceding the finally successful attempt, the same assassins had at least twice been foiled by the president's failing to appear on occasions when he had been expected. Finally, on the evening of 6 August, the assassins found their prey unprotected, leaving the house of some very dear friends; they followed him until he had reached the Treasury, and there Faustino Rayo, the leader of the band, suddenly attacked him with a machete, inflicting six or seven wounds, while the other three assisted in the work with their revolvers. On hearing of the death of García Moreno, Pope Pius IX ordered a solemn Mass of Requiem to be celebrated in the Church of Santa Maria in Trastevere. The same sovereign pontiff erected to his memory, in the Collegio Pio-Latino, at Rome, a monument on which García Moreno is designated:
    Religionis integerrimus custos
    Auctor studiorum optimorum
    Obsequentissimus in Petri sedem
    Justitiae cultor; scelerum vindex.
    The materials for this article have been derived from a biography, now extremely rare, written by a personal friend and political associate of García Moreno, HERRERA, Apuntes sobre la Vida de García Moreno. See also: BERTHES, García Moreno (Paris); Les Contemporains (Paris, s.d.), I; MAXWELL-SCOTT, Gabriel García Moreno, Regenerator of Ecuador in St. Nicholas Series (London and New York, 1908).

    Fonte: The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. VI, New York, 1909

 

 
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