Elezioni in Olanda a Novembre

[Enrico1987]

Informazioni generali : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_g...ection%2C_2006

Partiti che si presentano:
Appello Cristiano Democratico (Christen-Democratisch Appèl)

Da wikipedia:
Il CDA è nato nell'ottobre del 1980 dalla fusione di tre partiti cristiano democratici:

• Partito del Popolo Cattolico (Katholieke Volkspartij; KVP)
• Unione Cristiana-Storica (protestante, (Christelijk-Historische Unie; CHU)
• Partito Anti-Rivoluzionario (protestante, Anti-Revolutionaire Partij; ARP).

Prima del 1980
Fin dal 1880 i partiti cattolici e protestanti collaborarono attivamente in parlamento, anche per difendere la libertà d'insegnamento e la possibilità di costituire scuole confessionali. Ciò nonostante le difficoltà non mancarono, infatti, il CHU nacque, nel 1894, da alcuni protestanti fuoriusciti dall'ARP, che non condividevano i rapporti tra Olanda e Santa Sede. Ciò nonostante dal 1918 i tre partiti ebbero in parlamento la maggioranza dei deputati e due, su tre, presero quasi sempre parte ai vari governi. Anche nell'immediato dopoguerra i partiti cristiani confermarono il proprio peso; nel 1963, ad esempio, ottenneto il 51% dei suffraggi. Consapevoli, però, che la società olondese cominciava a secolarizzarsi e grazie alle aperture cattoliche del Concilio Vaticano II, diedero vita alla Commissione dei 18 (sei per ogni partito), un "pensatoio", con il compito di delineare comuni linee di azione. Alle elezioni del 1972, i tre partiti raccolserò, però, solo il 32% dei voti. Questo calo fu dovuto anche dalla nascita, nel 1968, del Partito Politico dei Radicali, che raccolse sia la sinistra cattolica, che quella protestante; partito poi confluito nel partito SinistraVerde.

Nel 1973, i tre partiti diedero vita ad un federazione e ad un'unico gruppo parlamente, presero anche parte al governo del socialdemocratico Den Uyl, che però rifiutò ministri del CHU. Questo rifiuto rese più tesi i rapporti in seno alla federazione. Nelle elezioni del 1977, i tre partiti mantennero invariati i propri consensi e guidarono, con Dries van Agtun del CVP, un nuovo governo insieme ai liberali conservatori. L'inatteso governo con i liberali determinò la frattura tra progressiti e conservatori inseno alla federazione, i primi rimasero nella federazione e furono detti "lealisti". Nel 1980 i partiti si fusero nell' Appello Cristiano Democratico.

Dal 1980
Dopo le elezioni del 1981 il CDA non poté continuare nell'alleanza con il VVD, si alleò con i socialdemocratici del PvdA e Van Agt divenne nuovamente primo ministro, ma il governo durò appena un anno. Alle elezioni del 1982 il CDA fu guidato da Lubbers che portò il partito alla vittoria e ad un governo con il VVD. Il governo di centro-destra fu riconfermato nel 1986. In questi anni il governo si impegnò nella riforma delle pensioni e nella liberalizzazione dei servizi pubblici. Nel 1989, il CDA mantenne i consensi delle elezioni precedenti, ma visto il non brillante risultato del VVD fu costretto a dar vita al terzo governo Lubbers, questa volta di centro-sinistra, con il PvdA. Nelle elezioni del 1984, il CDA perse a causa delle divisioni interne e fu la prima volta, dal 1918, che nessun cristiano-democratico divenne ministro. Le elezioni del 2002 si caratterizzarono per l'affermazione della List Pim Fortuyn, formazione politica di destra radicale, il cui leader Fortuyn era stato ucciso durante la campagna elettorale. Il CDA diede vita, allora, ad un governo di centro-destra, guidato dal suo leader Jan Peter Balkenende, insieme sia al VVD che alla LPF. Nelle elezioni del 2003, la LPF ridusse fortemente i suoi consensi, Balkenende cercò, allora, di dar vita ad un esecutivo con la PvdA, ma non riuscendovi creò un esecutivo "centrista" insieme al VVD e ai D66, liberali progressisti.

Ideologia
Il CDA, pur essendo nato come un partito d'ispirazione cristiana, oggi raccoglie tra i suoi membri anche Ebrei, Musulmani, Indù. Si caratterizza come un partito di centro con tendenze conservatrici, soprattutto in campo etico. Il CDA, infatti, è contrario alla legalizzazione delle droghe e della prostituzione e chiede una restrizione della legislazione su aborto ed eutanasia.

È membro del Partito Popolare Europeo e dell'Internazionale centrista.

Unione Cristiana (ChristenUnie)

Estratto da "http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unione_Cristiana_%28Paesi_Bassi%29"

La CU è stata fondata nel 2000 dalla fusione di due partiti:

Federazione politica riformatrice (Reformatorisch Politieke Federatie, RPF);
Gereformeerd Politiek Verbond (GPV), fondato nel 1948, privo però di qualsiasi peso nel panorama politico olandese.
Il RPF era nato a sua vola di tre piccoli gruppi protestanti contrari al partito unitario dei cristiani l' Appello Cristiano Democratico (CDA), il più grande dei quali era l'Unione Nazionale Evangelica (National Evangelical Union).

Alle politiche del 1998, il GPV aveva ottenuto 2 seggi, il RPF 5. Alle politiche del 2002 la CU ottenne solo 4 seggi, ridotti a 3 alle elezioni del 2003. Spesso la CU, in Parlamento, collabora con il Partito Costituzionale Riformato, destra cristiana, con il quale sono definiti klein Christelijk (piccoli cristiani), per distinguerli dalla CDA, per anni il primo partito olandese. Nel 2003 è stato eletto leader del partito André Rouvoet, con il compito di ridurre le divisioni interne che avevano portato alla perdita dis seggi.

La CU può essere considerato un partito conservatore cristiano-democratico. È apertamente contraria alle politiche libertarie (aborto, eutansia, matrimoni omosessuali), dall'altro canto è favorevole all'intervento statali in economia. Può essere definito pertanto un partito "cristiano-sociale" nell'accezione tedesca del termine. Per questo la CU può essere considerata simile ai partiti cristiano-democratici scandinavi, come il Partito del Popolo Cristiano norvegese, quasi tutti di ispirazione protestante.

È membro dell'Movimento Politico Cristiano d'Europa, che raccoglie molti dei movimenti "cristiano-sociali" europei.


Democratici 66 (Democraten 66)

Estratto da "http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratici_66"

Storia
Il partito è stato fondato nell'ottobre del 1966, da qui il nome, da Hans van Mierlo, giornalista, e Hans Gruijters, insieme a politici provenienti da diverse esperienze partitiche. Alle elezioni del 1967 il partito ottenne 7 seggi, in quelle del 1971 11 seggi ed il quelle del 1972 6 seggi e nel 1973 entrò a far parte del governo. Il partito dal 1974 al 1986 ha vissuto un periodo di declino, ma dal 1994 ha preso parte a due governi "viola" (composti da liberali "blu" e socialdemocratici "rossi") guidati da Wim Kok. Nel 2002, capo del partito è stato eletto Thom de Graaf, che dopo il calo di consensi alle elezioni, nel 2003, ha ceduto il passo a Boris Dittrich, sostituita, nel 2006, da Frank Dales. Dopo il fallimento del governo tra socialisti e cristiano democratici, il D66 è entrato a far parte di un governo con cristiano-democratici e liberali di destra.

Ideologia
D66 è un partito di orientamento liberale. Fino al 1998, viste anche le origini radicali di Van Mierlo, i membri del partito si definivano radicali democratici. Dal 1998 in poi, il partito si è ufficialmente definito un partito socioliberale. Può essere definito un partito di sinistra liberale, infatti i D66 nascono come "alternativa" al VVD, i liberali di centro-destra, e per continuare la tradizione culturale del Vrijzinnig Democratische Bond (Lega democratica dei liberi pensatori), confluita nel 1948 nel Partito del Lavoro, socialdemocratici. Molti Democratici preferiscono, infatti, definirsi democratici "liberi pensatori".

D66 è membro dell'Internazionale liberale, dell'Alleanza dei Democratici e Liberali per l'Europa e del Partito Europeo dei Liberali, Democratici e Riformatori.

Sinistra Verde (GroenLinks)

Estratto da "http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/SinistraVerde_%28Paesi_Bassi%29"

Storia
I GL sono stati fondati nel 1989 dalla fusione tra quattro partiti:

1. Partito politico dei Radicali(che veniva dal CDA);
2. Partito Socialista Pacifista:
3. Partito Comunista d'Olanda;
4. Partito del Popolo Evangelico.

Alle elezioni europee del 1984 i quattro partiti avevano dato vita alla lista Arcobaleno. Costatato il risultato negativo delle singole liste alle politiche del 1986, decisero, nel 1989, di dar vita ad un unico partito, processo che è terminato ufficialmente nel 1991, con la cessazione dell'attività politica dei pariti fondatori.

Alle elezioni del 1989 e del 1994 i GL ottennero rispettivamente 6 e 5 seggi. In questi anni svolsero una dura opposizione ai governi CDA-PvdA di Lubbers e a guida PvdA di Kok. Nel 1998, grazie alla guida del leader Paul Rosenmöller i GL ottennerò 12 seggi. Nelle elezioni del 2002, dopo la dura campagna elettorale che vide la morte del politico di destra Fortyune e le minacce di morte a Rosenmöller, i GL ottennero 10 seggi. Femke Halsema, nel 2003, è stata eletta nuovo leader del partito, che ha mantenuto nelle elezioni dello stesso anno 8 seggi.

Ideologia
I GL nascono come un partito eco-socialista con posizioni decisamente "non violente". Con il passar del tempo il partito si è spostato su posizioni più moderate, tanto che la leader Halsema, nel 2004, ha definito i GL un partito di sinistra liberale. I GL hanno particolarmente a cuore le politiche ambientaliste, il multiculturalismo, la difesa di politiche libertarie (legalizzaione droghe leggere, si a prostituzione ed eutanasia regolamentate, si al matrimonio tra omosessuali), l'attenzione alle politiche sociali. Sono tendenzialmente favorevoli al superamente del sistema monarchico.

I GL aderiscono ai Verdi europei.

Partito Laburista (Partij van de Arbeid)

Da: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_...Netherlands%29

Party history

1945-1965
The PvdA was founded on February 9, 1946 through a merger of three parties: the socialist SDAP, the minor left-liberal VDB and the small social-protestant CDU. They were joined by individuals from catholic resistance group Christofor and the Protestant-Christian parties Christian Historical Union (CHU) and ARP.

The founders of the PvdA wanted to create a broad people's party, breaking with the historic tradition of pillarization. The party combined socialist ideals with liberal, religious and humanist ideas. However, the party was unable to break pillarization. Instead the new party renewed the close ties the SDAP had with other socialist organisations (see linked organisations). In 1948, some liberal members, led by former VDB leader Oud, left the PvdA because they were unhappy with the socialist course of the PvdA. Together with the liberal conservative Partij van de Vrijheid, they formed the right of center liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD).

Between 1946 and 1958, the PvdA formed coalition governments with the Catholic Catholic People's Party (KVP), and combinations of VVD, ARP and CHU. The KVP and the PvdA together had a large majority in parliament. Since 1948, these cabinets were lead by PvdA-prime minister Willem Drees. Under his leadership the Netherlands recovered from the war, began to build its welfare state, and Indonesia became independent.

After the cabinet crisis of 1958, the PvdA was replaced by the VVD. The PvdA was in opposition until 1965. The electoral support of PvdA voters began to decline.


1965-1989
The Netherlands

In 1965 a conflict in the KVP-ARP-CHU-VVD made continuation of the government impossible. The three confessional parties turned towards the PvdA. Together they formed the Cabinet Cals. This cabinet was also short lived and conflictridden. The conflicts culminated in the fall of the cabinet Cals over financial policy.

Meanwhile, a younger generation was attempting to gain control of the PvdA. A group of young PvdA-members, calling themselves New Left, changed the party. The New Left wanted to reform the PvdA: the party should become oriented towards the new social movements, adopting their anti-parliamentary strategies and their issues, such as women's liberation, environmental conservation and Third World development. Prominent New Left members were Jan Nagel, Andre van der Louw and Bram Peper. One of their early victories followed the fall of the cabinet-Cals. The party congress adopted a motion that made it impossible for the PvdA to govern with the KVP and its Protestant allies. In response to the growing power of the New Left group, a group of older, centrist party members, led by Willem Drees' son, Willem Drees Junior founded the New Right. In 1970, it was clear that they lost the conflict within the party and they left, founding the Democratic Socialists '70 party.

Under the New Left, the PvdA started a strategy of polarization, striving for a cabinet based on a progressive majority in parliament. In order to form that cabinet the PvdA allied itself with the left-liberal D66 and the radical Christian PPR. The alliance was called the Progressive Accord (PAK). In the 1971 and 1972 elections, these three parties promised to form a cabinet with a radical common program after the elections. They were unable to gain a majority in both elections. In 1971, they were kept out of cabinet, and the party of former PvdA-members, DS70, became a partner of the Biesheuvel cabinet.

In the 1972 elections, neither the PvdA and its allies or the KVP and its allies were unable to gain a majority. The two sides were forced to work together. Joop den Uyl, leader of the PvdA, led the cabinet. The cabinet was an extra-parliamentair kabinet and it was composed of members of the three progressive parties and members of the KVP and the ARP. The cabinet attempted to radically reform government, society and the economy, but it faced economic decline and was riddled with personal and ideological conflicts. Especially, the relationship between prime-minister Den Uyl and the KVP vice-prime minister, Van Agt was very problematic. The conflict culminated just before the 1977 elections, the cabinet fell. The 1977 elections were won by the PvdA, but the ideological and personal conflict between Van Agt and Den Uyl prevented the formation of a new centre-left cabinet. After very long cabinet-formation talks, the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), a new Christian-democratic political formation composed of KVP, CHU and ARP, formed government with the VVD, based on a very narrow majority. The PvdA was left in opposition.

In the 1981 elections, the CDA-VVD lost their majority. The CDA remained the largest party but it was forced to cooperate with the PvdA and D66 (the PPR had left the alliance, after losing the 1977 elections). In the new cabinet led by Van Agt, Den Uyl returned to cabinet, now as vice-prime-minister. The personal and ideological conflict between Van Agt and Den Uyl culminated in the fall of the cabinet just months after it was formed. The VVD and the CDA regained their majority in the 1982 elections and retained it in the 1986 elections. The PvdA was left in opposition. During this period, the party began to reform. In 1986, Den Uyl left politics, appointing former union leader Wim Kok as his successor.


1989-now
After the 1989 elections, the PvdA returned to cabinet together with the CDA. Kok became vice-prime-minister to CDA-leader Lubbers. The PvdA accepted the major economic reforms the previous Lubbers cabinets made, including privatization of public enterprises and reform of the welfare state. They continued these policies in this cabinet. The cabinet faced heavy protest from the unions and saw major political conflict within the PvdA itself.

In the 1994 elections, the PvdA and CDA coalition lost its majority in parliament. The PvdA however emerged as the biggest party. Kok formed a government together with the right-liberal VVD and left-liberal D66. The so-called purple government was political novum, because the Christian-Democrats had been in government since 1918. The cabinet continued the economic reforms, but combined this with a progressive outlook on ethical questions and promises of political reform. Kok became very popular prime minister. Kok was not a partisan figure, but combined successful technocratic policy with the charisma of a national leader. In the 1998 elections, the cabinet was rewarded for its stewardship of the economy. The PvdA and the VVD increased their seats, at the cost of D66.

The PvdA excepted to perform very well in the 2002 elections. Kok left politics leaving the leadership of the party to his crown prince Ad Melkert. But political rise of Pim Fortuyn frustrated these hopes. The PvdA lost the 2002 elections, and fell from 45 seats to 23. The loss was blamed on the uncharismatic new leader Melkert, the perceived arrogance of the PvdA and the inability to answer to the new issues, especially migration and integration, Fortuyn raised. Melkert resigned as party leader and was replaced by Jeltje van Nieuwenhoven. The PvdA was kept out of cabinet. The government formed by CDA, VVD and the List Pim Fortuyn (LPF) fell after a very short period.


PvdA activists in a demonstration (October 2004)Meanwhile ,Wouter Bos, staatssecretaris in the second purple cabinet, was elected leader of the PvdA in a referendum among PvdA-members. He started to democratize the party organization and began an ideological reorientation. In the 2003 elections, Wouter Bos managed to regain almost all seats lost in the previous election, and the PvdA was once again the second-largest party of the Netherlands, only slightly smaller than the CDA. Personal and ideological conflicts between Bos and the CDA-leader Balkenende prevented the formation of a CDA-PvdA cabinet. Instead, the PvdA was kept out of government by the formation of cabinet of the CDA, the VVD and former PvdA-ally D66. In the 2006 municipal elections, the renewed PvdA performed exceptionally well. The PvdA became by far the largest party nationally, while the three governing parties lost a considerable number of seats in municipal councils. It is generally expected that the PvdA will perform as well in the upcoming 2006 elections.

The PvdA started out as a traditional social-democratic party, committed to building a welfare state. During the 1970s, it radicalized its program and included new issues, such as women's liberation, environmental conservation and Third World development. During the 1990s, it moderated its program, including reform of the welfare state and privatization of public enterprise. In 2005, it adopted a new program of principals, showing that the party is committed to a centre-left ideology. Its core issues are employment, social welfare, and investing in education, public safety and health care.


Representation

Leadership
Chairman of the Lower House parliamentary party

2002-now Wouter Bos
2002- Jeltje van Nieuwenhoven (ad interim)
1998-2002 Ad Melkert
1994-1998 Jacques Wallage
1989-1994 Thijs Wöltgens
1986-1989 Wim Kok
1982-1986 Joop den Uyl
1981-1982 Wim Meijer
1977-1981 Joop den Uyl
1973-1977 Ed van Thijn
1967-1973 Joop den Uyl
1965-1967 Gerard Nederhorst
1952-1962 Jaap Burger
1951-1952 Leendert Donker
1946-1951 Marinus van der Goes van Naters
Lijsttrekker

2003 Wouter Bos
2002 Ad Melkert
1998 Wim Kok
1994 Wim Kok
1989 Wim Kok
1986 Joop den Uyl
1982 Joop den Uyl
1977 Joop den Uyl
1972 Joop den Uyl
1971 Joop den Uyl
1967 Joop den Uyl
1963 Ko Suurhoff, Anne Vondeling and Joan Willems
1959 Jaap Burger, H.J. Hofstra, Ivo Samkalden, Ko Suurhoff, Anne Vondeling and Joan Willems
1956 Willem Drees
1952 Willem Drees
1948 Willem Drees, Marinus van der Goes van Naters, Dolf Joekes, Piet Lieftinck, Sicco Mansholt, Willem Schermerhorn, Koos Vorrink and Hein Vos
1946 Willem Drees, Jaap Burger, Marinus van der Goes van Naters, Dolf Joekes, Piet Lieftinck, Sicco Mansholt, Willem Schermerhorn, Koos Vorrink and Hein Vos
Prime Ministers

1994-2002 Wim Kok
1973-1977 Joop den Uyl
1948-1959 Willem Drees
1946-1948 Willem Schermerhorn

Members of the Lower House of Parliament
Development of the number of seats in the Lower House, of the 150 available between 1956 and now and 100 before 1956:

2003 - 42
2002 - 23
1998 - 45
1994 - 37
1989 - 49
1986 - 52
1982 - 47
1981 - 44
1977 - 53
1973 - 43
1971 - 39
1967 - 37
1963 - 43
1959 - 48
1956 - 34
1952 - 30
1948 - 27
1946 - 29

After the 2003 elections, the party has 42 representatives in the lower house of parliament:

drs. W.J. (Wouter) Bos, fractievoorzitter
S.A.M. (Sharon) Dijksma, vice-fractievoorzitter
drs. M.I. (Mariëtte) Hamer
mr. N. (Nebahat) Albayrak
drs. K. (Kadija) Arib
L. (Luuk) Blom
drs. A.J.W. (Jan) Boelhouwer
dr. M. (Jet) Bussemaker
drs. F.J.M. (Ferd) Crone
ir. M.H.P. (Martijn) van Dam
ir. G.C.F.M. (Staf) Depla
M.J. (Marjo) van Dijken
ir. J.R.V.A. (Jeroen) Dijsselbloem
drs. K. (Kris) Douma
drs. J.N. (Niesco) Dubbelboer
A.Th. (Adri) Duivesteijn
drs. A.M.C. (Angelien) Eijsink
Th.O. (Thea) Fierens
drs. F. (Frank) Heemskerk
mr. E.P. (Peter) van Heemst
drs. G.M. (Godelieve) van Heteren
mr. N.A. (Ella) Kalsbeek
drs. A.G. (Bert) Koenders
dr. ir. J.H.J. (Joanneke) Kruijsen
J.A.W.J. (John) Leerdam
drs. P.L. (Peter) Meijer
ing. S.E.A. (Saskia) Noorman-den Uyl
drs. C.W.J.M. (Lia) Roefs
ir. D.M. (Diederik) Samsom
P.E. (Pauline) Smeets
J.C. (José) Smits
P.A.J. (Piet) Straub
mr. J. (Hannie) Stuurman
J. (Jacques) Tichelaar
A.J. (Anja) Timmer
drs. F.C.G.M. (Frans) Timmermans
dr. V.Th. (Varina) Tjon-A-Ten
G.A. (Gerdi) Verbeet
dr. J.C. (Co) Verdaas
mr. K.G. (Klaas) de Vries
H.E. (Harm Evert) Waalkens
mr. A. (Aleid) Wolfsen

Members of the Upper House of Parliament
Development of the number of seats in the Upper House, of the 75 available between 1956 and now and 50 before 1956:

1946 - 14
1948 - 14
1951 - 14
1952 - 14
1955 - 14
1966 - 22
1960 - 23
1963 - 25
1966 - 22
1969 - 20
1971 - 18
1974 - 21
1977 - 25
1980 - 26
1981 - 28
1983 - 17
1987 - 26
1991 - 16
1995 - 14
1999 - 15
2003 - 19
After the 2003 Lower House elections, the party has 19 representatives in the Upper House:

T.R. Doesburg
S.J. van Driel
J.H. Eigeman
J. Hamel
E.C.M. Jurgens
F. Leijnse
M.Y. Linthorst
T.A. Maas-de Brouwer
M.C. Meindertsma
L.P. Middel
H.C.P. Noten, fractievoorzitter
K. Putters
R. Rabbinge
J.J. Sylvester
I.Y. Tan
E. van Thijn
M. Westerveld
A.C.C. Witteman
W.J. Witteveen

Members of the European Parliament
Development of the number of seats in the European Parliament, of the between 600 to 700 available:

2004 - 7
1999 - 6
1994 - 8
1989 - 8
1984 - 9
1979 - 9
PvdA MEPs are part of the faction Party of European Socialists.

After the 2004 European Parliament elections, the party has seven representatives in the European Parliament:

Max van den Berg, fractievoorzitter
Edith Mastenbroek
Jan Marinus Wiersma
Emine Bozkurt
Dorette Corbey
Thijs Berman
Ieke van den Burg

Municipal and provincial government

Provincial government
Two of the 12 Queen's commissioners are member of the PvdA. The party cooperates in all Gedeputeerde Staten except for North Holland.


Municipal government
122 of the 414 mayor of the Netherlands are member of the PvdA. Most famous of them is Job Cohen, mayor of Amsterdam. The party cooperate in many College van Burgemeester en Wethouders, and after the 2006 municipal elections it expected to cooperate in many more.


Electorate
Historically, the PvdA was supported by the working class. Currently the party is supported by civil servants, young people, migrants, and the working class. The party has historically been very strong in the major cities, such as Amsterdam, and Rotterdam and northern provinces of Groningen, Friesland and Drenthe


Organization

Organizational structure
The highest organ of the PvdA is the congress, it is formed by delegates from the municipal branches. It convenes once every year. It appoints the party board and decides the order of the First Chamber, Second Chamber, European Parliament candidates list and has the last say over the party program. Since 2002, a referendum under all members has partially replaced the Congres. Both the lijsttrekker of the Second Chamber candidate list, who is the political leader of the party, and the party chairman, who leads the party organization, are selected by such a referendum. In 2002, Wouter Bos won the PvdA leadership election.

Members
The PvdA currently has 62.000 members. They are organized in over 500 municipal branches.

Linked organisations
The Young Socialists (Jonge Socialisten, JS) is the youth organisation of the PvdA. It is a member of the European Community of Socialist Youth (ECOSY), and the International Union of Socialist Youth (IUSY). They publish the periodical Lava.

Rood is the party periodical. It appears eight times a year.

The scientific institute of the PvdA is the Wiardi Beckman Foundation. It publishes the periodical Socialisme & Democratie.

International organisations
The PvdA is a member of the Party of European Socialists and the Socialist International.

Pillarized organisations
During the period of strong pillarization the PvdA had strong links with the social-democratic broadcasting organization VARA, the trade union NVV, and the paper Het Vrije Volk. Although pillarization has weakened, the PvdA still has friendly relations with the largest trade union FNV and the leftwing broadsheet De Volkskrant.

Relationships to other parties
Historically, the PvdA has cooperated in cabinets with the Christian-democratic Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), PPR, Catholic People's Party (KVP), Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and Christian Historical Union (CHU) parties and the liberal Democrats 66 (D66) and People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). Between 1971 and 1977, it was allied with D66 and the PPR. After 1977 until 1989, it was closely allied to D66. Since 2003, the relationship between the PvdA and D66 has considerably worsened, because the PvdA is in opposition to the cabinet D66 cooperates in.

Currently, the Socialist Party and the GreenLeft are calling for closer cooperation with the PvdA, calling to form a shadow government against the Balkenende cabinet, PvdA-leader Bos has held this off.

International comparison
Internationally, the PvdA is comparable to other European social-democratic parties that have adopted Third Way policies, like the German SPD but most of all the British Labour Party. The party is comparable to the liberals within the U.S. Democratic Party.

Trivia
Fate has it that every socialist Prime Minister has had to deal with a Royal crisis, necessitating on the basis of constitutional law the defence of the monarchy against a traditionally republican party base:

During the Drees cabinet, a faith healer Greet Hofmans acquired commanding influence over the queen and had already put her marriage in jeopardy. Drees needed all his discretion to get her banned from the palace.
During the Den Uyl government, it was shown that the Lockheed Aircraft Company had given large sums to the Prince Consort, who had a nominal position as inspector-general of the Air Force.
During the Kok cabinet, then Prince Royal married Máxima Zorreguieta, an Argentinian civilian whose father, Jorge Zorreguieta, was a cabinet member in Argentina during the junta period.

Fortuyn (old List Pim Fortuyn, now "Fortuyn")

Estratto da:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_Pim_Fortuyn

Pim Fortuyn and his party
Pim Fortuyn began organising the party on February 11, 2002, the day after he had been dismissed as lijsttrekker by the Leefbaar Nederland party. The new party would have allowed him to take part in the May 15 parliamentary elections. Fortuyn was a forceful debater. He was a strong critic of the government of the day.

On March 21 the party announced its list of candidates, most of whom had no previous political background. The party's main political issues were:

Tougher action against immigrants who did not assimilate into Dutch culture
Stronger measures to fight crime
Less bureaucracy in government
Reduction of teacher shortages in schools
Shortening of waiting lists for hospital treatment
The immigration issue caused heated debates. Fortuyn was accused of being a racist, an accusation he denied. He did not advocate deporting immigrants already in the country, nor closing all borders, though he did advocate setting an immigration quota that would prohibit Muslims from entering the country. In addition, he advocated revoking the first article of the Dutch constitution which prohibited discrimination, if that article would conflict with the right guaranteed in the constitutional article of freedom of speech, which allowed him to freely tackle the problem of (Muslim) immigrants being (un)able to assimilate into Dutch Culture. That statement was widely understood as a plea against the first article itself.

The assassination of Fortuyn
Fortuyn was assassinated on May 6. Even though the assassin, Volkert van der Graaf, was caught immediately, members of the LPF floated a vast array of conspiracy theories about who they thought were ultimately responsible for the murder.

However, the investigators of the crime could not find evidence that suggested the murderer had acted with others.

The 2002 elections, and participation in the first Balkenende cabinet
The party decided to maintain Fortuyn's candidacy for the elections, and delay naming a new leader until after the elections. The elections proved a great success for the LPF. They won 26 seats out of 150, becoming the second-largest party in parliament. It is still unclear how many voters based their choice on political conviction and how many voted for the LPF because its leader had been murdered; many voters gave one or both reasons. Mat Herben was chosen to be the new party leader. Together with the CDA (Christian Democrats) and the VVD (Liberals) the party formed part of the governing coalition, supplying several members of Balkenende's cabinet.

Chaos started the day the cabinet was installed. Only nine hours after the queen had sworn in the cabinet members, junior minister Philomena Bijlhout had to resign, following an event at the post-ceremony press conference. A journalist showed her a photograph of her wearing a military uniform, in a militia of Dési Bouterse, and Bijlhout identified herself in the photo. The photograph proved that she had been a member of the militia for longer than she had previously admitted, through the period of the notorious Suriname "December murders" in 1982. Balkenende and Herben forced her to resign following this revelation. A new controversy developed after Bijlhout stated that she would not give up the unemployment benefits she was entitled to for two years, based on her ministerial salary. The party experienced great difficulty in finding a replacement for her in the cabinet, to the increasing impatience of the other coalition parties.

A few days later, July 26, the new minister for health, Eduard Bomhoff, was reportedly wanting to dismiss one of his top officials, Peter van Lieshout. However, the employment of top officials in the Netherlands is coordinated by the ministry of internal affairs and the minister Johan Remkes said he needed good grounds before dismissing somebody. Lieshout was eventually transferred to another department.

Continuous bickering and scandals within the LPF party as a whole, within the LPF parliament faction, between LPF ministers and high-ranking government officials and between LPF officials and the press went on daily for two months. Party officials came and went. The LPF lost two seats in parliament when Winnie de Jong and Cor Eberhard left the party and started a new faction, after they accused the party of lack of internal democracy. Mat Herben was replaced by Harry Wijnschenk as parliamentary faction leader. In the few weeks that Wijnschenk presided things got out of hand even further. Herben was reinstated the day before the cabinet fell.

On October 16, after only 86 days, the new cabinet fell, mainly because the CDA and VVD faction leaders found the LPF to be a liability. The reason for this was the open animosity between the two LPF ministers, Eduard Bomhoff (vice prime minister) and Herman Heinsbroek (soon claiming this post for himself, with support of the faction leader). But in an interview with Elsevier on April 12, 2006, Maxime Verhagen, who was then the parliamentary leader of the CDA, said that not this feud was the reason for the fall of the cabinet, but the fact that Harry Wijnschenk was threatened -with a pistol- by someone from his own party. Wijnschenk was supposed to have told this to Verhagen the same day as the cabinet fell, in Verhagen's office, but Wijnschenk himself denies this from happening.

Elections 2003 and internal disagreement
A political poll held the day before the cabinet fell, showed that popular support for the LPF had vanished. If new elections would be held, the LPF would lose 23 of its original 26 seats in parliament. Mat Herben, back in office of parliamentary party leaders for one day when the cabinet fell, argued on television that the LPF should choose Heinsbroek as political leader to lead the party toward the new elections that by law had to be held within 83 days, only to learn the next day that Heinsbroek publicly stated he was considering starting his own party - later registered as Lijst Nieuwe Politiek. Winnie de Jong also established her own party: Conservatieven.nl.

Two days after the fall of the cabinet Harry Wijnschenk, who had clearly been unable to lead the party and had unanimously been asked to resign and hand back the position to his predecessor Mat Herben, decided to leave the LPF and continue as a one man parliamentary faction.

Mat Herben led the party to the elections of January 22, 2003. During the campaign, the party recovered slightly from a low point in the polls of only two seats, and ended up with 8 seats. By 2005 however, polls showed a further drop to just one seat.

In August 2004, the eight Members of Parliament for the LPF separated themselves from the rest of the party, and continued on their own. They wanted to keep LPF as their party's name, but obviously the "other" LPF refused to share their name. The chaos continued when in 2005, member of parliament Hilbrand Nawijn started another controversy because of his association with Filip Dewinter, leader of the Belgian Vlaams Belang. This led to his separation of the fraction, forming his own one man party Group Nawijn. Nawijn is seen as a non-figure in Dutch politics, and polled for no seats in parliament. The connection with the Vlaams Belang is over; he said there are no structural connections planned. The latest polls for the 2006 General Election suggest the LPF may not gather enough votes to reach the Tweede Kamer.

2006 elections
For the 2006 Dutch elections, the LPF will use the name Lijst Vijf Fortuyn (List Five Fortuyn). On September 25, 2006, the party released their campaign commercial, which features a new party leader coming down from "heaven" with a parachute, presenting himself as a "reincarnation" of Pim Fortuyn.[1] Marten Fortuyn, brother of the slain politician Pim Fortuyn, reacted on the campaign spot, saying that it was "outrageous and tasteless."[2]


Partito Popolare per la Libertà e la Democrazia(Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie)

Estratto da "http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_del_Popolo_per_la_Libert%C3%A0_e_la_Democr azia"

Dalla fondazione al 1970
Il VVD è stato fondato nel 1948 quale continuatore dell'esperienza del Partito della Libertà, a sua volta erede del Partito dello Stato Liberale. Essi si erano uniti ai liberali fuoriusciti dal PvdA, eredi della Lega dei Liberali Liberi Pensatori. Dal 1948 al 1952 il VVD prese parte al governo con i cristiano-democratici ed il PvdA. Alle elezioni del 1952 elesse, però, un solo deputato, passando all'opposizione. Nelle elezioni del 1956 ottennero 13 seggi, ma non presero parte al governo. nelle politiche del 1959 ottennero 19 seggi e formarono un governo con i partiti cristiani, poi conflutiti nel CDA. Nelle politiche del 1963 il VVD perse tre seggi, ma rimase al governo. Iniziò, però, un periodo di divisioni interne al partito, che potò alla fuoriuscita di alcuni esponenti della sinistra che diedero vita al Centro Liberal Democratico (Liberaal Democratisch Centrum, LCD), dalle cui file poi nasceranno i D66. Nel elezioni del 1967 il VVD rimase stabile e continuò a prendere parte al governo.

Dopo il 1970
Nelle elezioni del 1971 il VVD perse un seggio, ma entrò al governo il CDA ed i socialdemocratici di DS70. Nelle elezioni del 1972, grazie alle politiche più sociali del nuovo leader, Hans Wiegel, il VVD guadagnò sei seggi, ma fu escluso dal governo CDA-PvdA. Alle elezioni del 1977, grazie alla forte opposizione svolta, il VVD ottenne 29 seggi e formò, con il CDA, un governo che aveva una maggioranza di soli due seggi. Nel 1981, il VVD perse due seggi e la CDA lo sostituì al governo con i D66 ed il PvdA. Il governò però durò appena un anno ed alle politiche del 1982 il nuovo leader Nijpels portò il VVD a 36 seggi ed al governo con il CDA. Nel 1986 il VVD perse 9 seggi, ma il governo mantenne la sua maggioranza. Nijpels fu sostituito da Joris Voorhoeve. Nel 1989, il VVD ottenne 22 seggi, perdendone 5, e fu sostituito al governo dal PvdA. Leader divenne Frits Bolkestein, che nonostante avesse portato il VVD al governo si caratterizzare sempre per i toni da opposizione e per la sua poitica di pungolo alla compagine governativa. Nelle elezioni del 1994 Bolkestein portò, infatti, il partito a 29 seggi e nacque un governo "viola"(VVD e D66 "blu" e PvdA "rossi"), governo confermato nel 1998 con i VVD che conquistarono 38 seggi. Bolkestein nel 1999 fu nominato membro della Commissione Europea e fu sostituito da Hans Dijkstal, un socio-liberale.

Alle politiche del 2002, contrassegnate dall'omicidio del leader di destra Fortuyn, il VVD ottenne 24 seggi, perdendone 14, e dide vita ad un governo con il CDA ed i populisti della List Pim Fortuyn. Il governo però durò appena un anno. Nelle elezioni del 2003, il VVD avendo fatto proprie alcune proposte tipiche della LPF ottenne 28 seggi ed è entrato a far parte di un governo con il CDA e i D66. Alle municipali del 2006, però, il partiti ha perso molti consiglieri.

Ideologia
Il VVD nasce come un partito liberale "centrista". Con il passar del tempo e vista la "fuoriuscita" di alcuni esponenti poi confluiti nei D66, si è spostato, dal 1971 su posizioni più "populiste", puntando molto sulle libertà individuali.

È membro del Partito Europeo dei Liberali, Democratici e Riformatori, dell'Alleanza dei Democratici e Liberali per l'Europa e dell'Internazionale liberale.

Partito Politico Riformato (Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij)

Estratto da:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_Reformed_Party

Foundation
The SGP was founded on April 24, 1918, by several members of the Protestant Anti Revolutionary Party. They did not agree with female suffrage, which the ARP had made possible. Furthermore they were against the alliance the ARP had formed with the Catholic General League. The party entered in the 1918 general elections, but it was unable to win any seats. The leading figure in the party's foundation was Yerseke minister Gerrit Hendrik Kersten.

1922-1945
In the 1922 election the party entered Parliament. In this period the SGP became most noted for proposing to abolish the Dutch representation at the Holy See during each annual parliamentary debate on the budget of the ministry of foreign affairs. Each year the protestant CHU voted in favour. The party was in cabinet with the catholic general league, but many of its members and supporters still had strong feelings against the Roman-Catholic Church. In 1925 the leftwing opposition composed of the leftwing liberal VDB and the social-democratic SDAP voted in favour of the motion. They were indifferent to the representation at the Holy See, but saw this as a possibility to divide the confessional cabinet. And indeed the cabinet fell over this issue, in what is known as the Nacht van Kersten (Night of Kersten).

In the subsequent elections, the party won one seat, and in the 1929 election the party won another. It remained stable in the 1933 elections but lost one seat in the 1937 elections in which ARP prime minister Hendrikus Colijn performed particularly well. During the second world war he cooperated with the Nazi occuppiers to allow his paper, the Banier to be printed and had condemned the resistence. Therefore after the war he was refused entry into the Tweede Kamer.

1945-Now
Kersten was succeded by minister Piet Zandt, under whose leadership the SGP was very stable, continually getting 2% of votes In 1956 the SGP profited from the enlargement of parliament, and it got a seat in the Eerste Kamer, which the party lost in 1960, but regained in 1971. In 1961 Zandt died and he was succeded by engineer Cornelis van Dis. After ten year he stood down in favour of minister Hette Abma. Who also stepped down after ten years, in favour of engineer Henk van Rossum. In 1984 the SGP joined the two other orthdox protestant parties RPF and the GPV in order to gain one seat in the European Parliament, it was taken by SGP engineer Van der Waal. In 1986 he was succeded by Bas van der Vlies, who continues to lead the party. In 1994 the party lost one seat in parliament, which it regained in 1998 but lost again in 2002. After the general election of 2003, the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) held talks with the SGP, but ultimately the Democrats 66 joined the Second Balkenende cabinet instead of the SGP, mostly because of the ideological differences between VVD en SGP.

On September 7 2005 the district court of the Hague judged that the party could no longer receive subsidy, because women were forbidden to be member of the party. This was found to be a violation of the 1981 UN Treaty on Women in which the Netherlands committed to fighting discrimination. It also was a violation of first article of the dutch constitution, the principle of non-discrimination. The decision has been appealed by the State of The Netherlands. Female members of the SGP-youth (which does allow female membership) said however that they did not feel discriminated or repressed. During a party congress on June 24 2006, the SGP lifted the ban on female membership. Political positions inside and outside the party were still limited to women.

The SGP is an orthodox protestant radical conservative party. It is committed to building a state on basis of the Bible. It believes that the word of God should rule in all spheres of society. The party adheres strictly to Three Principles of Unity and the old text of the Belgic Confession (Nederlandse Geloofsbelijdenis). The last texts mentions the striving "to avert and exterminate all idolatry and false religions, and to bring to ruin the empire of the antichrist". The SGP however interprets this passage to mean that God's spirit will exterminate all false religions. The party is a strict defender of the freedom of religion, but wants to restrict the expression of non-christian religions in the public sphere. The party defends the separation of church and state, because both have a different role in society. The party does not seek to be in government, but instead uses parliament to express its principles. Therefore the party is called a testimonial party.

The SGP wants to abolish female suffrage and has forbidden women to be member of the party until 2006. The party favours the re-introduction of the death penalty in the Netherlands. They base this on the Bible, specifically on Genesis 9:6, "Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed: for in the image of God made he man," and Exodus 21:12, "He that smiteth a man, so that he die, shall be surely put to death."

Other important issues for the party are:

Opposing euthanasia, abortion, same-sex marriage, prostitution and pornography.
Caring for those in need, the sick and elderly.
Ensuring the safety and security of Dutch citizens.
Conserving the Dutch political system, by opposing governmental reforms, like referenda, directly elected mayors and weakening of monarchy.


Partito Socialista(Socialistische Partij)

Estratto da "http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_Socialista_Olandese"


È un partito di sinistra socialista, membro della Sinistra Europea.

È stato fondato nel 1971 quale partito maoista, con il nome di Partito Comunista d'Olanda/Marxista-Leninista (Kommunistiese Partij Nederland/Marxisties-Leninisties, KPN/ML). Il KPN/ML era stato fondato dalla componente filo-cinese del Movimento Comunista Unitraio d'Olanda (Kommunistiese Eenheidsbeweging Nederland). La divisione era nata perché il Movimento non condivideva le aperture del fondatore del KPN/ML, Daan Monjé, agli studenti ed agli intellettuali. Nel 1972 il partitò cambiò il nome in Partito Socialista.

Il partito cercò da subito il dialogo con le più variegate componenti sociali. Nel 1991 il partito abbandonò definitivamente il Marxismo-Leninismo. Nel 1994 elesse il suo primo deputato al parlamento. Negli anni '90 il PvdA, socialdemocratici, si spostarono verso il centro permettendo allo SP ed alla SinistraVerde una maggiore visibilità. L'opposizione ai governi "viola" di Kok (VVD e D66 "blu" e PvdA "rossi") permise allo SP di ottenere 5 seggi nel 1998 e un seggi alle europee del 1999. Alle politiche del 2002 e del 2003 il partito conquistò 9 seggi, alle europee del 2004 i seggi da 1 passarono a 2. Lo SP è stato il partito di sinistra che più si è battutto contro la Costituzione Europea nel referendum che ne ha rifiutato la ratifica. Jan Marijnissen ne è l'attuale leader.

Gruppo Wilders (Groep Wilders - Partij voor de Vrijheid)

Estratto da: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_Wilders

The Group Wilders (Dutch: Groep Wilders) is a conservative Dutch political party that was started in August 2004 after Geert Wilders left the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, after a disagreement about the political direction. No fellow parliamentarians wished to join his new party, so on September 2, 2004, he formed an independent fraction of the Dutch parliament composed solely of himself.

The "group" is currently only represented by Geert Wilders himself, and although opinion polls held in 2004 indicated that the Group Wilders could gain around 20 seats if elections were held, as of 2006 the party consistently polls between 1 and 3 seats only.

The main issues the Group deals with is the integration of (Muslim) immigrants into Dutch society. Some people feel that there is space on the right of the political spectrum following the assassination of Pim Fortuyn and the subsequential disintegration of the List Pim Fortuyn.[citation needed] The group is said to sympathise with the neoconservative movement in the USA and the Edmund Burke Foundation in the Netherlands.

On February 22, 2006, Wilders announced he will participate in the general elections under the name Party for Freedom(Partij voor de Vrijheid). These elections will take place on the 22 of November 2006.

Una Olanda(Eén NL)

Estratto da:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C3%A9n_NL

Eén NL is a Dutch political party founded in September 2006 that is participating in the Dutch general election, 2006 led by Marco Pastors and Joost Eerdmans.[1] The party is one of the political heirs of the late Pim Fortuyn.

The Eén in the name Eén NL, meaning 'one', emphasizes national unity where NL is a common abbreviation of The Netherlands.

The political platform of the new party has not yet been published but the party broadly stands for opposition to mass immigration to The Netherlands, tax cutting and shrinking government, a zero tolerance against crime, constitutional reform (particularly more direct democracy and the direct election of the prime minister and members of parliament), restoring the "human dimension" in large public sectors such as education and health care, and a skeptical attitude to European integration.

Although the party is critical of the "islamization" of The Netherlands, in favor of assimilation by minorities and opposed to further immigration, it is perceived as taking a less hard line on this issue than other right-wing parties such as Geert Wilders' Freedom Party or Hilbrand Nawijn's Party for the Netherlands. Several moderate Muslims support the party.

On September 20, 2006, Anton van Schijndel, formerly of the VVD, joined the party[2] and on September 24 he and Eerdmans formed a new parliamentary group with the provisional name Groep Eerdmans-Van Schijndel.[3] The definitive list of candidates was presented on September 30, 2006.[4] Among the new additions to the list were Hans Smolders, Pim Fortuyns former chauffeur (the man who chased Fortuyns assassin and was responsible for his apprehension), Fortuyns young brother Simon Fortuijn, and Jan Dirk Blaauw a former member of the VVD parliamentary fraction.

The party program was presented on October 9, 2006.

Elections
Eén NL will take part in the 2006 Dutch general election. They presented their top candidates on September 20 and 29, 2006:

Marco Pastors, councillor in Rotterdam for Leefbaar Rotterdam.
Joost Eerdmans, member of the Dutch House of Representatives.
Hikmat Mahawat Khan, business consultant and co-founder of the Contact Groep Islam.
Ronald Sorensen, councillor in Rotterdam for Leefbaar Rotterdam.
Secil Arda, business consultant.
Sander Simons, PR adviser / former broadcast journalist.
Anton van Schijndel, member of the Dutch House of Representatives.

Party Program
The party published its party program on October 9, 2006. However, media reports already provided some details in the week before. The party calls for a 4% income tax reduction across the board, will abolish almost all Dutch foreign development aid, and will return to the taxpayers the "Kok Quarter," a sales tax increase on gasoline introduced by Labour Party minster Wim Kok in 1991.[5]

The key issues are: [6]

Democratic reform:
elected prime-minister and mayors
abolishment Eerste Kamer and reduction Tweede Kamer
Government:
reduction of number of ministries to 6 (security, environment, general affairs, finance, foreign affairs, social affairs)
30% reduction in civil-servants in next 4 years
Taxation
reduction general income taxes 1% per year
abolishment gasoline tax introduced by Labour Party minster Wim Kok in 1991
reduction national debt 1% per year
Security:
introduction of minimum sentencing, lay judges
more effective police force by reduction bureaucracy, legalization production soft drugs
Immigration
deportation illegal residents, greencard system
Integration
strict separation of church and state, no government subsidies for religious and ethnic organizations
ban on burkas, new immigrants are required to speak Dutch, official publications in Dutch
Education
downsizing schools, reduction management, emphasis on teaching practical skills

[Enrico1987]

Recente sondaggio:
Laburisti 30.1
Cristianodemocratico 29.6
Liberali 15.9
Socialisti 8.8
Sinistra Verde 4.3
Unione Cristiana 4.0
Partito Politico Riformato 2.4
D66 1.7
Lista Wilders 0.8
Una Olanda 0.7
Fortuyin 0.3
Partito per gli animali 0.8
Altri 0.7

[matteomatteo]

partito socialista (che non sta nella sinistra europea, al massimo starà nella GUE/NGL, cosa ben diversa).

[Alberich]

D66

[Enrico1987]

partito socialista (che non sta nella sinistra europea, al massimo starà nella GUE/NGL, cosa ben diversa).

L'ho letto su wikipedia, perdonami se mi fido dell'enciclopedia migliore che esista. Se si sono sbagliati vai a corregerli.

[Alberich]

Wikipedia è un'enciclopedia con un'affidabilità minima...è sconvolgente che stia diventando un punto di riferimento per tutti.

[matteomatteo]

wikipedia [....] l'enciclopedia migliore che esista.

PS: http://www.sinistraeuropea.it/module...howpage&pid=17

[benfy]

sono incerto tra laburisti e i liberali perchè i liberali hanno nelle liste la tizia che cacciò buttiglione

[er uagh]

Partito Laburista

[Bèrghem]

Ho sbagliato a votare: nel sondaggio ho scelto List Pim Fortuyn, ma in realtà volevo cliccare EénNL (nel sondaggio presente col nome di Una Olanda). Resta comunque l'amaro in bocca per come i seguaci di Pim Fortuyn abbiano dilapidato un grande patrimonio di voti e di idee dopo il barbaro assassinio del libertario Pim. Tra le varie scissioni, EénNL mi sembra la migliore per recuperare lo spirito originario: con Marco Pastors, ex delfino di Fortuyn (sostenuto anche dal fratello di Pim, Simon) e leader del Leefbaar (la sezione di Rotterdam dell'allora Lpf).