Kingdom Of The Two Sicilies 1848-1861

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TWO SICILIES



See also ROMAN CATHOLIC HIERARCHY OF THE TWO SICILIES 1848 - 1861


KINGDOM OF THE TWO SICILIES


The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was created in 1816 by the merger of the Kingdoms
of Naples and of Sicily, already linked by a personal union since 1718.

The Kingdom of Naples itself - formally styled Sicilia al di qua del Faro (Sicily
this side of the Lighthouse) since 1816 - was founded in 1282.
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HEADS OF STATE


Kings
Re

Full style : By the Grace of God King of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and of
Jerusalem, Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Castro, Hereditary Grand Prince
of Tuscany, etc
Per la Grazia de Dio Re del Regno delle Due Sicilie e di Gerusalemme,
Duca di Parma, Piacenza e Castro, Gran Principe ereditario di Toscana,
etc.

House of Borbone-Due Sicilie
(ruled Naples 1734 - 1799, 1799 - 1806 and 1815 - 1816; ruled Sicily 1734 - 1816;
rules the Two Sicilies since 1816)

1830 - 1859 Ferdinando II (Ferdinando Carlo)
"Re Bomba" 1810 - 1859
1859 - 1861 Francesco II d'Assisi (Francesco
d'Assisi Maria), son, left the country
without abdicating 1836 - 1894
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MINISTERS


Prime Ministers

Ministers Secretaries of State - Presidents of the Council of Ministers
Ministri Segretari di Stato - Presidenti del Consiglio di Ministri

1839 - 1848 Giuseppe Ceva Grimaldi Pisanelli,
marchese di Pietracatella 1776 - 1862
1848 Nicola Maresca, duca di Serracapriola
1848 Carlo Troia 1798 - 1858
1848 - 1849 Gennaro Spinelli, principe di Cariati (1) 1780 - 1851
1849 - 1852 Giustino Fortunato 1777 - 1862
1852 - 1859 Ferdinando cavaliere Troja
1859 - 1860 LtGen. Carlo Filangieri, principe di
Satriano and duca di Taormina 1784 - 1867
1860 Antonio Statella, principe di Cassaro
1860 Antonio Spinelli dei principi di Scaléa 1785 - 1884

(1) The replacement of the liberal govenment Troja by the more conservative
government Spinelli led to general agitation and revolts all over the
country.
In Calabria a provisional government - supported by the revolutionary
government of Sicily - was in power from may 15 to jul 7 1848.

Provisional Government
Governo Provvisorio

1848 - 1848 -Eugenio De Riso
-Domenico Mauro 1812 - 1873
-Giuseppe Ricciardi 1808 - 1882
-Raffaele Valentino

Ministers of Foreign Affairs

Ministers Secretaries of State of Foreign Affairs
Ministri Segretari di Stato degli Affari esteri

1840 - 1848 Fulco Giordano Ruffo di Calabria,
principe di Scylla and duca de
Santa Christina 1772 - 1853
1848 Nicola Maresca, duca di Serracapriola s.a.
1848 Gennaro Spinelli, principe di Cariati s.a.
1848 Luigi marchese Dragonetti 1791 - 1871
1848 - 1849 Gennaro Spinelli, principe di Cariati (2x)
1849 Ottavio de Marsilio*
1849 - 1852 Giustino Fortunato s.a.
1852 - 1860 Luigi Caraffa di Traetto* 1797 - 1871
1860 Giacomo De Martino

Ministers of Defense

Director of the Department of War and the Navy
Direttore del Ripartimento della Guerra e della Marina

(not a member of the Council of Ministers)

184. - 1848 Gen. Giuseppe cavaliere Garzia

Ministers Secretaries of State of War and the Navy
Ministri Segretari di Stato della Guerra e Marina

1848 Gen. Giuseppe cavaliere Garzia s.a.
1848 Col. Vincenzo degli Uberti
1848 Brig. Raffaele Del Giudice
1848 - 1856 Marsh. Francesco Pinto, principe di
Ischitella 1788 -

1856 : Ministry divided into the Ministries of War and of the Navy

Director of the Royal Secretariate and Ministry of State of War
Direttore della Real Segretaria e Ministero di Stato della Guerra

1856 - 1859 Brig. Carlo Pirenna

Ministers Secretaries of State of War
Ministri Segretari di Stato della Guerra

1859 - 1860 LtGen. Carlo Filangieri, principe di
Satriano and duca di Taormina s.a.
1860 Gen. Francesco Antonio Winspeare*
1860 Marsh. Giosué Ritucci 1794 -
1860 Gen. Giuseppe Salvatore Pianelli 1818 -

Directors of the Royal Secretariate and Ministry of State of the Navy
Direttori della Real Segretaria e Ministero di Stato della Marina

1856 - 1859 Brig. Antonio Bracco
1859 - 1860 Girolamo marchese de Gregorio

Minister Secretary of State of the Navy
Ministro Segretario di Stato della Marina

1860 ViceAdm. Francesco Saverio Garofalo 1780 - 1866

Ministers of the Interior and of Police

Minister Secretary of State of the Interior
Ministro Segretario di Stato dell'Interno

1847 - 1848 Giuseppe Parisi

Minister Secretary of State of General Police
Ministro Segretario di Stato della Polizia generale

1831 - 1848 Francesco Saverio marchese Del
Carretto 1777 - 1861

1848 : Ministries of the Interior and of General Police merged into the Ministry of
the Interior and Police

Ministers Secretaries of State of the Interior and Police
Ministri Segretari di Stato dell'Interno e Polizia

1848 Carlo Cianciulli
1848 Francesco Paolo cavaliere Bozzelli 1786 - 1864
1848 Giovanni Vignale*
1848 Raffaele Conforti 1804 - 1880
1848 Francesco Paolo cavaliere Bozzelli (2x)
1848 - 1849 Raffaele cavaliere Longobardi 1... - 1854
1849 - 1850 Gaetano Peccheneda

1850 : Ministry divided into the Ministries of the Interior and of General Police.

Directors of the Royal Secretariate and Ministry of State of the Interior
Direttori della Real Segretaria e Ministero di Stato dell'Interno

1850 - 1854 Salvatore Murena
1854 - 1859 Lodovico Bianchini 1803 - 1871
1859 - 1860 Achille cavaliere Rosica

Directors of the Royal Secretariate and Ministry of State of the General Police
Direttori della Real Segretaria e Ministero di Stato della Polizia Generale

1850 - 1852 Gaetano Peccheneda s.a.
1852 - 185 Pasquale Genova
185. - 1856 Orazio Mazza
1856 - 1859 Lodovico Bianchini s.a.
1856 - 1860 Francesco Antonio cavaliere Cassella 1819 - 1894

1860 : Ministries re-united.

Ministers Secretaries of State of the Interior and Police
Ministri Segretari di Stato dell'Interno e Polizia

1860 Federigo Del Re
1860 Liborio Romano 1795 - 1867

Ministers of Justice

Ministers Secretaries of State of Justice
Ministri Segretari di Stato della Giustizia

183. - 1848 Nicola cavaliere Parisio
1848 Cesidio Bonnano
1848 Giovanni Vignale s.a.
1848 Francesco Paolo Ruggiero* 1798 - 1881
1848 - 1849 Nicola Gigli
1849 - 1850 Francesco Scorsa
1850 - 1854 Raffaele cavaliere Longobardi s.a.

Directors of the Royal Secretariate and Ministry of State of Justice
Direttori della Real Segretaria e Ministero di Stato della Giustizia

1854 - 1859 Luigi Pionati
1859 - 1860 Cesare cavaliere Gallotti 1... - 1860

Ministers Secretaries of State of Justice
Ministri Segretari di Stato della Giustizia

1860 ... cavaliere Gamboa
1860 Gregorio Morelli

Ministers of Finances

Ministers Secretaries of State of Finances
Ministri Segretari di Stato delle Finanze

1847 - 1848 Giustino cavaliere Fortunato s.a.
1848 ... principe Dentice
1848 ...
1848 Pietro conte Ferretti 1790 - 1858
1848 Giovanni Manna 1813 - 1865
1848 - 1849 Francesco Paolo Ruggiero s.a.
1849 Giustino cavamiere Fortunato (2x)
1849 - 1856 Pietro cavaliere D'Urso
1856 - 1859 Salvatore Murena s.a.

Director of the Royal Secretariate and Ministry of State of Finances
Direttore della Real Segretaria e Ministero di Stato delle Finanze

1859 - 1860 Raimundo de Liguoro

Minister Secretary of State of Fianaces
Ministro Segretario di Stato delle Finanze

1860 Giovanni Manna (2X)




SARDINIAN AND ITALIAN SOUTHERN ITALY 1860 - 1861


Events of 1860 - 1861

1860

Aug 08 : Coming from Sicily, the first pro-Sardinian "Red Shirt" troops landed on
the continent (Calabria).
As they progressed, pro-Sardinian revolts erupted all over the country and
provisional governments - proclaiming their independence of the Borbone
- seized power in several places. (2)
Aug 28 : After the conquest of Calabria, Gen. Giuseppe Garibaldi, commander of the
Red Shirts, assumed the Dictatorship over Naples in the name of the King
of Sardinia.
Sep 06 : King Francesco II toke refuge in Gaeta. (3)
Sep 07 : Occupation of Naples by the Red Shirts and installation of a pro-Sardinian
administration for the Neapolitan provinces.
Oct 12 : Sardinian troops under the command of King Vittorio Emanuele invaded the
country from the north. In the course of the following months Neapolitan
authority was gradually reduced to Gaeta and some other places.
Dec 12 : After a plebiscite, Naples was annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia while
keeping a large degree of internal autonomy

1861

Feb 14 : King Francesco II went into exile to Rome. The following day Gaeta was
occupied by Sardinian troops. (4)
Mar 20 : Occupation of Civitella del Tronto, the last Neapolitan stronghold
(last Neapolitan commander of the place : Gen. Luigi Mezzocapo)
May 05 : Abolition of Neapolitan autonomy.
Oct 09 : Abolition of the Lieutenancy general. The Neapolitan provinces were now
fully integrated into the new Kingdom of Italy.

(2) Among them :

- Aug 18 : Basilicata (President : Giacinto Albini)
- Aug 30 : Puglia (President : Luigi de Laurentis)
...

All local governments were abolished by Garibaldi after the occupation
of Naples

(3) In Gaeta King Ferdinando II formed the last independent Neapolitan
government

Minister Secretary of State - President of the Council of Ministers,
Minister Secretary of State of Foreign Affairs and of War
Ministro Segretario di Stato - Presidente del Consiglio di Ministri,
Ministro Segretario di Stato degli Affari esteri e della Guerra

1860 - 1861 Francesco Antonio cavaliere Casella s.a.

Minister Secretary of State of the Navy
Ministro Segretario di Stato della Marina

1860 - 1861 Adm. Leopoldo del Re

Minister Secretary of State of Justice, of the Interior and Police*
Ministro Segretario di Stato della Giustizia, dell'Interno e della Polizia

1860 - 1861 Pietro Calà Ulloa, duca di Lauria

Minister Secretary of State of General Police
Ministro Segretario di Stato della Polizia generale

(detached from the Ministry of the Interior and Police)

1860 - 1861 ...

Minister Secretary of State of Finances
Ministro Segretario di Stato delle Finanze

1860 - 1861 Salvatore barone Carbonelli

(4) Francesco II continued as pretender and head of the Royal House until
his death in 1894.

Successors

1894 - 1934 Alfonso (I) Maria Giuseppe Alberto,
conte di Caserta, brother 1841 - 1934
1934 - 1960 Ferdinando (III) Pio Maria, duca di
Calabria, son 1869 - 1960

A Neapolitan Government in Exile continued in Rome until the occupation
of the town by Italian troops in 1870

(exact style not known)

President of the Council of Ministers
Presidente del Consiglio di Ministri

1861 - 1870 Adm. Leopoldo Del Re s.a.

Minister of Foreign Affairs

1861 - 1870 Giacomo De Martino (2x)
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ADMINISTRATORS 1860


Dictator
Ditattore

1860 Gen. Giuseppe Garibaldi 1807 - 1882

Secretary general of the Neapolitan Provinces
Segretario Generale delle Provincie del Napoletano.

1860 Col. Agostino Bertani,
replaced by : 1812 - 1866

Pro-Dictator
Proditattore

1860 Giorgio marchese Trivulzio
Pallavicini

MINISTERS

(exact style not known)

Ministers of Home Affairs

(also heads of the government)

1860 Liborio Romano s.a.
1860 Raffaele Conforti s.a.

Ministers of Foreign Affairs

1860 Vincenzo Fardella, marchese de
Torrearsa (?) 1808 - 1889
1860 Francesco Crispi 1818 - 1901
1860 Gen. Giuseppe Garibaldi* s.a.

Minister of War

1860 Gen. Enrico Cosenz 1812 - 1898

Ministers of the Navy

1860 ...
1860 Capt. ... Anguisolla

Ministers of Justice

1860 Giuseppe Pisanelli 1812 - 1879
1860 ... Crusca

Ministers of Finances

1860 Antonio Scialoja 1817 - 1877
1860 ...
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ROYAL REPRESENTATIVES AND MILITARY COMMANDERS


Royal Lieutenants General
Luogotenenti generali del Re

1860 Luigi Carlo Farini 1812 — 1866
1861 Eugenio Emanuele di Savoia-Carignano,
principe di Carignano 1816 - 1888
1861 Gen. Gustavo conte Ponza di San Martino 1810 - 1876
1861 Gen. Enrico Cialdini 1811 - 1892

As groups of Borbonese partizans - styled "brigands" by the Italians - continued
to oppose the annexation to Italy, the military continued to play an important role
in the administration of the southern provinces until 1870 when the region was
declared pacified.

Commander of the Italian forces in Naples and Extraordinary Commissioner
Commandante delle Truppe in Napoli e Commissario Straordinario

1861 - 1863 Gen. Alfonso Ferrero, marchese de
la Marmora 1804 - 1878

Commanders of the VI Military Department (Naples)
Commandanti del VI Ripartimento militare (Napoli)

1863 - 186. Gen. Emilio Pallavicini, conte di
Priola
186. - 1867 Gen. Alessandro Nunziane, duca di
Mignano
1867 - 18.. Gen. Giacomo Durando 1807 - 1894



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