troppa educazione fa male: i risultati di uno studio sui tassi di fertilità in relazione al livello educativo formale.
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Fertility rates and education
Below you will find much information about the very low fertility rates of college educated individuals and of the best educated nations of the world. While the large majority of people don't see this as an important problem for the human race, we heartily disagree. Everyone acknowledges that educated people worldwide currently have a very low fertility rate and almost all informed people realize that heredity plays an important role in intelligence, some expect that genetic engineering will somehow save the day.
However, IVF genetic engineering at its best is very expensive and only slightly increases a parent's choice of endowing his or her offspring with genes that correlate with intellectual capacity, physical health, longevity, and other desirable traits. Even in the future, it is unlikely that genetic engineering will be able to help polygenetic traits like intelligence, except in cases of single gene defects. Also, because of IVF center policies, the average egg donor is less likely to be a college graduate than the average American female.
The much less expensive method of artificial insemination has been with us for generations. With up to 20,000 pregnancies per year, It plays only a small, though useful, role in countering dysgenic trends against intelligence. More importantly, parents have always been able to choose their mates and often do so on the basis of intelligence and personality. Unfortunately, this no longer increases the number of intelligence children being born into the world.
In our own experience of living near a Big Ten campus, knowing many professors and professionals, and renting to over 100 grad students over 15 years, we continue to be amazed by how few children educated people are having or want to have. We meet large numbers of individuals with graduate degrees or earning graduate degrees for whom it is clear that they will never have any children. Families of more than two children among educated couples are quite rare in our area. In fact, research clearly demonstrates that the world's current university educational systems are destroying the future intelligence of the human race for short-term economic gain. For developed countries, it is much cheaper to import bright young people from third world countries than to spend the money necessary to convince bright people to have more children. Other factors besides the educational system, such as individual selfishness and a lack of knowledge about the dysgenic problem, also play important roles. Unfortunately, the third world reservoirs of gifted people, including in China and India, are also experiencing severe dysgenic effects. These factors all appear very difficult to reverse. The outlook for the human race, in our opinion, is very dismal even when one looks ahead just 100 years.
Another personal observation is that less educated people have an even weaker appreciation of the importance of intelligence in fostering a positive future for the human race. Frankly, we see no steps being taken to stop the genetic disaster unfolding before us. Without an adequate percentage of intelligent humans, it is very likely that the human race experience world catastrophes. Both massive human and non-human suffering will almost certainly result.
In 1996, the American Psychological Association, after an intensive review of the intelligence-inheritance research, issued the following statement, "Differences in genetic endowment contribute substantially to individual difference in intelligence, but the pathway by which genes produce their effects is still unknown." (www.apa.org/releases/intell.htm). In 1990, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency's Youth Deficits: An Emerging Population Problem noted that in 1980, no nation had fewer than 15% of its population in the young adult category. In 1985, there were five and in 1990 there were 16. By 2010, there will be 29, which includes almost all industrialized countries and some key developing ones. The CIA notes that severe labor shortages are likely, especially in Japan and Western Europe. The CIA says, "There is overwhelming evidence that present-day population trends will be the single most important factor shaping global events a generation from now." www.africa2000.com . The shortage of academically gifted individuals will even be more severe in the foreseeable future. Wealthy countries will attempt to sustain themselves by draining an increasingly large fraction of the remaining talented individuals from third world countries.
Research on Fertility Rates by Level of Education and Race
There are many studies from around that world finding that the higher the educational attainment, the lower the fertility. In almost every country, society finds and promotes the most intellectually gifted individuals into the college and grad school education tracks. Even in third world countries, higher educational attainment is strongly correlated with higher levels of measured intelligence and also strongly correlated with markedly lower fertility. This means that in the modern world high intelligence is strongly dysgenic. This is just the opposite of the findings of historical studies for societies around the world prior to 1850 (Lynn, 1998). The evolution of human intelligence is being rapidly reversed in virtually every countries and in all racial and ethnic groupings.
Some have argued that there are various types of intelligence, e.g. musical, athletic, academic, etc., and that the college educated have no monopoly on intelligence. In some ways, this may indeed be true, although it requires an expansion of the traditional meaning of the word intelligence. However, there is absolutely no doubt that there is a type or types of intelligence associated with high academic achievement. It is this genetic diversity, the diversity that is associated with higher academic achievement, that is being rapidly lost in every country in our world.
While the low fertility rates for educated individuals is a serious problem in developed countries, it may be even worse in third world countries. For instance, Michael Kremer and Daniel Chen of MIT looked at 62 countries and found that the fertility differential between educated and uneducated women is even greater in developing countries with more income inequality (Mass Inst Tech, Amer Econ Review 5/99, 89:155-9). A very good review of the very large number of research studies on this issue can be found in Dysgenics: Genetic Deterioration in Modern Populations by Richard Lynn.
The U.S. government's Center for Disease Control (CDC) has posted fertility rates by level of education using 1994 national data http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/releases/97facts/edu2birt.htm . The site said that this is the first time, the U.S. government has calculated the figures by levels of education. The birth rates by amount of education vary considerably in the U.S. The highest fertility rates are for those with the least education, 0-8 years, and the lowest fertility rates for those with the most education. "Birth and Fertility Rates by Educational Attainment: United States, 1994", National Center for Health Statistics.
According to the CDC, the total lifetime fertility rate in 1994 for whites was 1.8, blacks 2.3, and Hispanics 3.0 children per woman with a U.S. average of 2.0. High school grads are having an average of 2.7 children. Those with some college have the lowest fertility (1.3) and college grads the next lowest (1.7). The fertility rate for whites is significantly below the necessary replacement level of 2.1, while that for Hispanics is significantly above replacement levels. No other groups are reported by the CDC, although other reports have given details for smaller population groups or for some subgroups of whites as noted below.
The adverse impact on fertility by educational levels in the CDC report was strong for all racial groups. The total lifetime fertility rate for Hispanic women with only a grade school education was 4.1 children and for black women 4.5 children. However, with some college or a college degree, the black and Hispanic rates ranged from 1.6 to 2.0 children, quite similar to that of whites. Thus, attending college or something associated with attending college markedly suppresses fertility irrespective of race or ethnic background. Simply put, attending college has a powerful dysgenic effect in and of itself.
In the U.S., the percentage of women with college degrees had grown to 40% as of 1994. Indeed, a considerably higher percentage of women now attend college than men. For unmarried women, the birth rates of those with college degrees is extremely low. All the women with college degrees (40%) had only 20% of the births in 1994, while women without any college education at all had 58% of the births. The CDC study concludes that "the completion of one year of college results in sharply lower fertility rates for women regardless of race."
The CDC study didn't look at the impact of post-graduate education. However, other studies have reported that post graduate education further lowers fertility rates. The U.S. Bureau of the Census reported that in 1992 the TFR (Total Fertility Rate) for European-Americans with a master's degree of higher was only 1.4 children per woman, for Afro-Americans 1.3 children and Hispanics 1.7 children (Bachu, Fertility of American Women: June, 1992, Current Population Report Series P-20). In Europe and Japan the rates for those with post-grad educations are still lower.
There is a huge body of research showing that genetics accounts for between 50% and 70% of the variance in intelligence rates in our society. No responsible source puts the figure lower than 50%. There is also a sizable amount of solid evidence that, worldwide, genetic intelligence is currently being lost at a rate of 2-3 IQ points per generation because of the very low fertility rates of well-educated individuals and a larger than average number of unplanned and undesired pregnancies among the less well educated. (See "Intelligence").
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soluzioni?
1) abbassiamo il livello educativo, specie quello femminile
2) favoriamo con una politica energica e integrale la natalità nei settori educati




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